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PumpSwap DEX crosses $10 billion in cumulative volume 10 days after launch PumpSwap, the new decentralized exchange (DEX) from the creators of memecoin launchpad Pump.fun, has processed $10 billion in cumulative volume in its first ten days since officially launching, according to a Dune Analytics dashboard tracking the exchange. Pump.fun launched the DEX on March 20 to allow successful memecoins to migrate directly to PumpSwap, bypassing Raydium, among the leading Solana-based exchanges and automated market makers (AMMs). Raydium, in January, processed a quarter of total DEX volume, according to The Block's data, more than any other exchange. PumpSwap's already established itself as a dominant player among Solana DEXs. Yet on Saturday, PumpSwap processed 67.4% of the volume processed by several major leading Solana DEXs, with Raydium claiming the second-largest market share at 18.2%. No other exchange claimed more than 5% of the market, according to the dashboard. PumpSwap has generated over $20 million in protocol fees and its liquidity providers have received over $5 million in fees, according to the dashboard. Nearly 700,000 wallets have already accessed the protocol. Despite the success of PumpSwap, Pump.fun has lately seen volume across its exchange fall as demand for memecoin trading cools. Pump.fun's team has previously teased plans for a native token launch. Meanwhile, Raydium is working on a memecoin launchpad of its own called LaunchLab, likely intended to compete with Pump.fun, The Block previously reported.
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Crypto markets slump as latest US inflation data weighs on sentiment Cryptocurrency markets extended this week's capital bleed as the global digital asset capitalization fell 5% to $2.84 trillion on Friday, following more macroeconomic data showing slightly higher inflation in the U.S. Numbers for the Core Personal Consumer Price Index — the Federal Reserve’s go-to inflation indicator — came in hotter than expected. U.S. Core PCE for February rose to 0.4% month-over-month, beating the 0.3% forecast from analysts. Yearly Core PCE also surpassed expectations, rising to 2.8% against an estimated 2.7% increase. Matt Mena, Crypto Research Strategist at 21Shares, told The Block that Friday’s PCE outcome was conservative despite the upbeat inflation data. "While this isn’t exactly bullish for risk assets, it’s also not overtly bearish — it lands slightly on the cautious side of neutral," Mena said. "Even so, markets are holding up well. S&P 500 futures are steady and continue to trade comfortably above the key psychological support level of 5700." Conversely, crypto leaders like ether, SOL and XRP fell further after an already difficult trading day. ETH dropped to $1,880, SOL dipped below $130, and XRP revisited $2.19, according to The Block’s price page. The GMCI 30 Index tracking crypto’s top 30 assets retraced 5.5%. Bitcoin, on the other hand, retraced modestly compared to altcoins. The price of bitcoin changed hands around $84,200 at time of writing, down 3.6%. "Bitcoin continues to demonstrate its resilience," Mena said. "This is precisely the type of macro environment it was built for: a non-sovereign, inflation-resistant asset that can weather all market cycles and protect portfolios through times of uncertainty." Q2 uncertain but bullish signs persist Crypto assets retained macro sensitivity heading into the year’s second quarter. Data shows that past cycles have delivered relief for Bitcoin in the second quarter, but analysts said changing trade and policy landscapes could mean this time is different. "Historically, Bitcoin has exhibited a higher degree of correlation with traditional risk assets during Q1 (where we peak in correlation) while in Q2, it can react more to geopolitical events and policy shifts," Bitfinex analysts wrote in a report. "While Q2 has often been a bullish period for Bitcoin, the present macroeconomic environment—characterized by trade tensions and inflationary concerns—suggests that heightened sensitivity may persist." Mena said incoming regulatory clarity represented by new leadership at the Securities and Exchange Commission and momentum with stablecoin rules may alter investor sentiment in the coming months. The White House publicly backing a U.S. Bitcoin reserve also paints a bullish picture. "Crypto is no longer a fringe issue — it’s a central part of the policy conversation," Mena said. "As the regulatory picture continues to improve and geopolitical risks begin to cool, the stage may be set for digital assets to reenter a period of sustained growth and broader adoption." Despite recent volatility and market turbulence, Mena expects Bitcoin to nearly double by the end of 2025. "Looking ahead, several key catalysts could reignite momentum across the digital asset space — potentially pushing Bitcoin out of its current consolidation zone and through major resistance levels at $90K, $95K, and $100K," Mena said. "A breakout above those levels could open the door for a run past its previous all-time high of $108.5K, with a potential move toward $150K by year-end."
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Sei Foundation explores takeover of bankrupt 23andMe in 'boldest DeSci bet yet' One day after 23andMe received clearance from a judge to put itself up for sale, the Sei Foundation said it is in "the process of placing its boldest DeSci bet yet" by exploring the acquisition of the genetic testing company. "We believe user data sovereignty is a matter of national security," the Sei Foundation, which supports the Layer 1 blockchain Sei, wrote Thursday in post on X. "When an American biotech pioneer faces bankruptcy, personal genomic data of millions becomes vulnerable to parties that may not share the same values of transparency and open access." The Sei Foundation says this is to "defend the genetic privacy of 15 million Americans and ensure their data is protected for generations to come." 23andMe announced on March 23 that it was filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. "Under bankruptcy rules, any sale would need to bring in more than the company owes creditors — at least $214 million — before anything could be paid to shareholders," Bloomberg reports. On Wednesday, the company won permission from a judge to try to sell its assets, the most valuable of which are information about customers’ medical and ancestry-related data. 23andMe launched in 2006, and since going public in 2021, the company has never turned a profit. DecSci is the use of web3 infrastructure in the scientific process. It aims to make scientific work more transparent, accessible and collaborative by placing data onchain or funding research pursuits with cryptocurrency. In January, the Sei Foundation launched Sapien Capital, a $65 million venture fund to back DeSci startups building on the Sei blockchain. What exactly would Sei do with 23andMe? The firm laid out three use cases for its vision: Deploy 23andMe on Sei blockchain, return data ownership to users through encrypted transfers, and allow users to choose how their data is monetized and share in the revenue. "This isn't just about saving a company, it's about building a future where your most personal data remains yours to control," the Sei Foundation said in its post on X. "We'll be sharing updates in the near future." 23andMe's stock jumped 45% to close at $0.77 a share on Thursday with a $21 million market cap. The price of the SEI token was up about 1.1% in the 24 hours before publication time to $0.21, according to The Block's price data. The token has a fully diluted value of $2.1 billion.
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USDC stablecoin supply surpasses all-time high, topping $60 billion market cap The supply of USD Coin stablecoin has crossed the $60 billion market cap threshold — a milestone that underscores its increasing adoption. On Wednesday, stablecoin’s supply hit an all-time high of 60.2 billion — a 100% year-over-year increase from $30 billion in March 2024. The total stablecoin market cap reached all-time highs, surpassing $230 billion. USDC is a stablecoin pegged to the U.S. dollar, issued by Circle and backed by a consortium that includes Coinbase. It remains the second-largest stablecoin, trailing Tether’s USDT, with a market cap exceeding $144 billion. The distribution of USDC across multiple blockchains shows Ethereum as the dominant network, holding the majority with $36 billion. Solana follows with a substantial $10 billion. Other blockchains include Base with $3.7 billion, Hyperliquid with $2.2 billion, Arbitrum with $1.8 billion, and Berachain with $1 billion. Throughout the year's first quarter, Circle has minted substantial amounts of USDC on the Solana blockchain, notably in several tranches of 250 million. By March 20, USDC issuance on Solana had surpassed $10 billion. Circle has also been making strides in expanding the stablecoin's reach and improving its infrastructure. This month, it announced the official launch of USDC in Japan through a partnership with SBI VC Trade. The firm also revealed plans to upgrade bridged USDC on the Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain, Linea, to natively issued USDC, marking the industry's first bridged-to-native transition. Furthermore, it rolled out an upgraded version of its cross-chain transfer protocol on Avalanche, Base and Ethereum, with plans to extend support to Linea, Arbitrum and Solana soon. This upgrade reduces USDC transfer times between blockchains from minutes to seconds.
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Binance suspends employee for allegedly profiting off of insider information Crypto exchange Binance has suspended an employee for allegedly using insider information on a crypto project to gain unfair profits. According to its X post on Tuesday, a staff member of the Binance Wallet team purchased a significant amount of a token project that he knew would soon hold a Token Generation Event, and sold part of his holdings to gain significant profits. The employee exploited privileged information he had gained from his previous business development role at BNB Chain, said Binance, clarifying that the Wallet team itself would not have access to private information relating to the project. "This behavior constitutes front-running based on non-public information obtained from his previous role and is a clear breach of company policy," Binance said. "As a result of this behavior, the staff member was suspended immediately and pending further disciplinary action." While Binance did not reveal the name of the crypto project, multiple users on X pointed out that the project in question is Binance Smart Chain memecoin UUU (U DEX Platform) token. X user "pycharts" posted a screenshot that appears to show a wallet address selling over 6 million UUU tokens at around 7 a.m. on March 23, causing the token price to crash significantly. The X user's screenshots linked the wallet address to Freddie Ng, an employee of Binance Wallet's BD and Growth team. In response to pychart's X post, Binance's official Chinese language account wrote that it has noticed the "feedback" and has launched an internal investigation, the result of which would be announced to the public in a timely manner. Meanwhile, the global exchange said in today's statement that it will "proactively cooperate" with the relevant authorities in the staff member's jurisdiction and seek legal action with applicable laws. Binance also announced that it will distribute a reward of $100,000 to four whistleblowers who reported the alleged violation to its official whistleblowing channel.
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Daily ETH burn hits all-time low as Ethereum's on-chain activity dips The amount of ETH burned as a result of transaction fees hit an all-time low on Saturday, signaling a significantly reduced demand for Ethereum's blockspace. Ethereum's EIP-1559 change, which simplified the transaction fee process, also requires that the network burn all ETH used to pay the base transaction fee. The mechanism was designed to reduce inflationary pressure and potentially make Ethereum a deflationary asset during periods of high network activity. Just 53.07 ETH, worth about $106,000 at current prices, was burned on Saturday, according to The Block's data, an all-time low value. The supply of ETH is expected to grow 0.76% per year taking the burn rate from the last 7 days into account, according to Ultrasound.money data. The low burn rate coincides with declines in other measures of activity on Ethereum, such as active addresses. The seven-day moving average of active addresses recently fell to the lowest value since Oct. 2024, according to The Block's data. New address creations, transaction counts, and daily volumes have also declined over recent weeks. Standard Chartered recently sharply lowered its 2025 price target for Ethereum from $10,000 to $4,000, as the network's Layer 2s grow in number and scale. "Layer 2s, and Base in particular, now extract super-profits from the Ethereum ecosystem," Standard Chartered's global head of digital assets research,
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Treasury removes Tornado Cash from OFAC sanctions list, bitcoin bull Metaplanet appoints Eric Trump to advisory board and more The following article is adapted from The Block’s newsletter, The Daily, which comes out on weekday afternoons. It's Friday! According to a Dune Analytics dashboard, Polymarket apparently predicts events with up to 94% accuracy. However, with some of its users evidently being flat-earthers, I wouldn't place too much emphasis around the decentralized platform's prophecies. In today's newsletter, OFAC removes Tornado Cash from its sanctions list, Metaplanet appoints Eric Trump to its advisory board, USAID could follow Elon Musk's DOGE in considering blockchain technology and more. Meanwhile, the total stablecoin market cap surpasses $230 billion amid institutional interest and President Trump's policies. Let's get started. Treasury removes Tornado Cash from OFAC sanctions list The U.S. Treasury Department has lifted sanctions on crypto mixer Tornado Cash after an appeals court ruled that its Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) exceeded its authority in November 2024. A U.S. District Court in Texas then ordered the reversal of sanctions on Tornado Cash in January following that appeals court ruling. Tornado Cash obscures the origins of cryptocurrency transactions by pooling and redistributing funds and was originally sanctioned in August 2022. OFAC had accused the platform of being used by cybercriminals, including notorious North Korean hackers the Lazarus Group, to launder illicitly obtained cryptocurrency. However, while the Treasury remains concerned about significant state-sponsored hacking, Tornado Cash and its associated wallet addresses have now been removed from the OFAC Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, according to a Friday release. "Digital assets present enormous opportunities for innovation and value creation for the American people," Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent said in a statement. "Securing the digital asset industry from abuse by North Korea and other illicit actors is essential to establishing U.S. leadership and ensuring that the American people can benefit from financial innovation and inclusion." Metaplanet appoints Eric Trump to advisory board Japanese investment firm Metaplanet has appointed the U.S. President's second son, Eric Trump, to its Strategic Board of Advisors. Trump, also an ambassador for DeFi project World Liberty Financial, is charged with assisting the company in advancing its mission to expand its bitcoin treasury, according to Metaplanet CEO Simon Gerovich. "Eric Trump brings a wealth of experience in real estate, finance, brand development and strategic business growth and has become a leading voice and advocate of digital asset adoption worldwide," the firm said. The Tokyo-listed company announced its bitcoin accumulation strategy last year and aims to acquire 10,000 BTC by the end of 2025. Following its most recent purchase of 150 BTC on Tuesday, Metaplanet now holds 3,200 BTC — making it the 10th largest corporate bitcoin holder globally. USAID could follow Elon Musk-led DOGE unit's idea to adopt blockchain technology Trump administration officials have crafted a proposal to rebrand USAID and leverage blockchain technology as part of a more transparent procurement process, according to a document purportedly circulating the State Department obtained by Politico. A section of the proposal on creating "modernized, performance-based procurement" processes suggests "all distributions would be secured and traced via blockchain technology to radically increase security, transparency and traceability" in U.S. aid programs. However, it is not clear how exactly this would work and what type of blockchain technology would be used — whether that is a public, private or hybrid model. It's also unclear whether Secretary of State Marco Rubio or other senior Trump officials have approved the proposal, which does not constitute any concrete plans and acknowledges that some changes may require congressional approval. The news follows the Elon Musk-led DOGE unit, which recently recommended a slew of cuts to USAID, in exploring options for putting federal government systems onchain. Strategy upsizes STRF deal to $722.5 million to buy more bitcoin Strategy has announced the pricing of its STRF perpetual preferred stock offering on Friday, upsizing the deal from $500 million to $722.5 million to buy yet more bitcoin. Strategy will offer 8.5 million STRF shares at $85 per share, with the sale set to close on March 25. Net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses are estimated at $711.2 million. The STRF sale follows its previously announced plan to raise up to $21 billion via its perpetual strike preferred stock, STRK, and $42 billion in equity and fixed-income securities offerings. Strategy currently holds 499,226 BTC, valued at over $41 billion, with an average purchase price of $66,360 per bitcoin. Strategy's $79 billion market cap trades at a significant premium to its bitcoin net asset value, with some investors airing reservations about the firm's premium to NAV valuation and its increasingly numerous bitcoin acquisition programs in general. LG to shut down NFT platform almost nobody knew it had After three years, global electronics giant LG is set to shut down its NFT platform, LG Art Lab, by June to "explore new opportunities" amid a wave of similar closures in the struggling crypto niche Once representing the new frontier of digital assets, the NFT market has been in substantial decline during that time, with weekly trade volumes recently dropping below $100 million from a peak of $3.2 billion in 2021. Launched in September 2022, LG Art Lab allowed users to trade NFTs and display digital art on its smart TVs, though few seem to know it even existed, including me as an LG TV owner. The closure follows Kraken's shuttering of its NFT marketplace in February and Nike's wearable NFT startup RTFKT last December. Looking ahead to next week UK CPI inflation data are out on Wednesday. U.S. jobless claims and GDP figures are released on Thursday. UK GDP and U.S. PCE numbers follow on Friday. Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey will speak on Monday, followed by U.S. Federal Reserve Vice Chair Michael Barr. 1inch, EigenLayer, Ethena and the Artificial Superintelligence Alliance are all set for token unlocks. Never miss a beat with The Block's daily digest of the most influential events happening across the digital asset ecosystem.
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Regulator halts Ethena’s USDe stablecoin offering in Germany over concerns The German financial supervisory agency Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, or BaFin, stopped the Frankfurt-based Ethena Labs subsidiary Ethena GmbH from publicly offering its USD-pegged stablecoin USDe. The halt was due to BaFin identifying "serious deficiencies in Ethena GmbH 's USDe token authorization," instructing Ethena GmbH to freeze its USDe asset reserve, according to a German release translated into English. The "token authorization process" refers to how cryptocurrency issuers can offer assets under the European Union's digital asset legal framework, Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA), also called "MiCAR." As the MiCA legal text states: "Issuers of asset-referenced tokens other than credit institutions that issued asset-referenced tokens in accordance with applicable law before 30 June 2024, may continue to do so until they are granted or refused an authorisation pursuant to Article 21, provided that they apply for authorization before 30 July 2024." Ethena's terms of service, last revised on January 2025, said that Ethena GmbH submitted an application to create a public USDe offering with BaFin as of Jul. 29, 2024. Since this was before MiCA's July 30, 2024 deadline, MiCA's grandfathering provision let Ethena GmbH issue USDe "during the authorization process." However, BaFin claims that Ethena GmbH has been offering USDe in Germany since June 28, 2024, and has been offering a "large portion" of its 5.4 billion USDe token supply outside of Germany before that same date. "Ethena GmbH took advantage of a transitional arrangement under the European MiCAR regulation to enter the German market," BaFin said in its statement. BaFin also said it had "well-founded suspicion" that the Ethena Labs subsidiary publicly offered the Ethena Staked sUSDe token as a security "without the required securities prospectus" in Germany, the agency's release continues. Ethena Labs responds "Since its inception, Ethena has been exploring various options and jurisdictions when it comes to regulatory frameworks globally that would be conducive to our business, and as a result we have multiple entities within our structure facilitating minting and redemption. A MiCAR authorization via Ethena GmbH was one of various options we have been pursuing," Ethena Labs wrote on the social media platform X Friday. "We were informed today that Ethena GmbH’s application under the MiCAR regulatory framework will not be approved," the firm continued. "While we are disappointed by this decision, we will continue to evaluate alternative frameworks." Ethena Labs stated that no assets have been frozen, and BaFin's move will not impact USDe listings, token minting, or redemptions facilitated by Ethena BVI Limited, the firm's subsidiary that also issues USDe. The Block's Data Dashboard shows that USDe is the third largest USD-pegged stablecoin by market supply, trailing Circle's USDC and Tether's USDT.
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Cosmos gets native EVM framework as it open-sources Evmos Cosmos’ Interchain Foundation (ICF) has funded the open-sourcing of Evmos, the native EVM framework for its multichain ecosystem containing over 200 appchains. This framework, previously developed under the Evmos project, will now transition to being maintained as “Cosmos EVM” within the official Interchain software stack, including the Cosmos SDK, the foundation said. This means the Cosmos ecosystem now has a standardized Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) version. This development allows Cosmos blockchains to integrate Cosmos EVM for full EVM compatibility, including support for JSON-RPC and Ethereum wallet compatibility via a lightweight EVM configuration for native ERC-20 tokens. The integration strengthens cross-chain interoperability between the broader EVM ecosystem and Cosmos, particularly through the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol. As part of this shift, Evmos co-founder Federico Kunze Küllmer will step away from his role as a core contributor to Evmos while continuing to advise the ICF on Cosmos EVM’s interoperability and modular architecture, Evmos noted. Kunze Küllmer's firm Altiplanic, the core contributor to the Evmos codebase, will no longer be contributing to the project. Evmos was first conceptualized in 2016 as Ethermint and went live on mainnet as a Cosmos-based chain in 2022 to introduce EVM in the Cosmos ecosystem. The same year, Evmos developers raised $27 million in a token sale round led by Polychain Capital. Since the start of this decade, EVM has become the most widely adopted standard for smart contracts and is now found across a number of blockchains aiming to replicate Ethereum’s traction.
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GLIF protocol launches token, distributes 94 million GLF in airdrop as it expands beyond Filecoin GLIF, Filecoin's largest DeFi protocol, has officially launched its native token, GLF, and is distributing 94 million tokens to users in an airdrop. The distribution accounts for 9.4% of the total GLF supply, rewarding users who accumulated GLIF points through protocol activity. GLIF had initially allocated 100 million tokens for the airdrop but adjusted the figure based on participation. The remaining tokens will be returned to the community rewards pool and distributed at a later date. For now, GLF is primarily a governance token, but GLIF is working on expanding its utility. "We are building a loyalty program, inspired by existing programs like airline miles," GLIF founder and CEO Jonathan Schwartz told The Block. The token, he added, will eventually offer additional benefits. While details remain undisclosed, Schwartz said GLIF is developing at least one "really novel mechanism to introduce to the crypto/DeFi world" on the benefits side. GLIF expands beyond Filecoin The token launch comes as GLIF moves to expand beyond Filecoin into other decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePINs). GLIF enables FIL holders to earn rewards through liquid leasing, a mechanism that lets them lend tokens to Filecoin storage providers, who use the FIL as collateral to offer storage services. Lenders, in turn, receive rewards. Depositors in GLIF receive iFIL, a liquid leasing token that can be traded or used in DeFi protocols while still generating yield. The model has helped establish GLIF as Filecoin's dominant DeFi protocol with over $102 million total value locked, and the team is now looking to apply a similar system to other DePINs. However, GLIF has not disclosed which networks it will support first. "We are in discussion with the foundations of a number of different protocols/networks at the moment," Schwartz said. The team's criteria for expansion, he explained, are based on demand from its existing users, the technical feasibility of integrating new networks and the economic risks involved. Many of Filecoin's storage providers are also some of the largest miners across DePIN networks, Schwartz said, pointing to a trend in which operators optimize hardware to simultaneously contribute storage, compute power and other resources across multiple blockchains — a practice known as "double" or "triple" mining. By integrating with the networks these miners are already supporting, GLIF expects to scale quickly, Schwartz said, though he declined to specify which networks are under consideration. GLIF is also looking at DePIN networks outside of storage, including those in the energy sector. "We are also interested in supporting a few networks that look much much different from Filecoin," Schwartz said. "Even if it means slightly tweaking our model or introducing new types of protocols to support them."
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Standard Chartered cuts 2025 ether price target by 60% to $4,000 Standard Chartered has sharply lowered its 2025 price target for ether from $10,000 to $4,000, citing several factors, including Ethereum Layer 2 Base's growing dominance. "Layer 2s, and Base in particular, now extract super-profits from the Ethereum ecosystem," Standard Chartered's global head of digital assets research, Geoffrey Kendrick, said in a statement to The Block on Monday while sharing his new report titled Ethereum — Midlife Crisis. "We estimate that Base (the dominant Layer 2) has removed $50 billion of market cap from Ethereum alone," Kendrick said. Ethereum has essentially "commoditized itself" within its self-created Layer 2 framework, with a growing share of transaction fees now bypassing the Layer 1 chain, according to Kendrick. "The solution would be to tax Layer 2 super-profits in the same way governments sometimes charge super taxes for foreign-owned mining companies that extract excess profits. Unless that happens, ETH-BTC will keep going down," Kendrick said. However, he does not see taxation as a likely shift, leaving ether's long-term trajectory uncertain. Ether is currently trading at around $1,900, over 60% down from its all-time high of approximately $4,878 in November 2021, according to The Block's ether price page. Why ether has underperformed Changes made to Ethereum over the past few years, "while perhaps necessary, have been value destructive," according to Kendrick. These include The Merge, which removed Ethereum's unique proof-of-work status among smart contract peers; the Layer 2 concept that gave away value for free; and Dencun, which further empowered Layer 2s and created "super-profits" for them, Kendrick said. Base, in particular, which crypto exchange giant Coinbase incubated, is passing all of the profit (fee revenue minus data recording fees) it extracts to Coinbase, "its corporate owner," Kendrick said. "Layer 2s result in (1) lower GDP on the Ethereum mainnet and (2) lower fees, at least in the near term," Kendrick said. "However, the longer-term goal is to improve scalability and make fees more competitive, which should lead to more sustainable market share for Ethereum (and potentially increase future GDP and fees)." Blockchain GDP is a measure that treats a blockchain like a nation-state, where the blockchain’s activity mirrors economic output, and its native token represents the local currency. What could turn ETH around? While Ethereum still dominates on several metrics — with shares of more than 50% of total value locked in decentralized finance (DeFi) assets, 57% of stablecoins, and 80% of tokenized assets — its dominance has been waning for some time. For ETH to regain momentum, several factors could play a role. The continued expansion of tokenized real-world assets (RWAs), where Ethereum holds an 80% market share, could boost demand for the network, according to Kendrick. Additionally, upcoming technical upgrades, such as Pectra in 2025, may improve scalability and fee dynamics. Another potential solution would be for the Ethereum Foundation to implement economic reforms, such as taxing Layer 2 networks that benefit from Ethereum's infrastructure. However, Kendrick sees this as an unlikely shift. Looking ahead Despite lowering its near-term outlook, Kendrick still expects ether to appreciate over time, forecasting a price of $7,500 by 2028-2029. However, without a fundamental change in Ethereum's fee structure or market positioning, he sees ether continuing to lag behind bitcoin, with the ETH/BTC ratio projected to decline to 0.015 by 2027, which would be the lowest level since early 2017.
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Only 10% of Americans support increasing federal funding for crypto; majority oppose reserve: Poll A new survey of 1,169 likely U.S. voters from Data For Progress, a polling firm that generally examines support for left-leaning causes, found a majority of voters oppose a crypto strategic reserve that would use government spending to acquire and hold cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. 51% of the survey's respondents said they oppose the proposed reserve, while 34% supported it. 15% said they were unsure, according to the poll. Notably, self-identified Republicans narrowly supported the proposal, 41-40, while Democrats opposed it 59-29, showing a stark ideological divide. Though the poll's question states the crypto strategic reserve would "use government spending," President Trump's executive order authorizes the Secretaries of Treasury and Commerce to explore "budget-neutral strategies for acquiring additional bitcoin, provided that those strategies impose no incremental costs on American taxpayers." Though Trump administration officials have used the words "reserve" and "stockpile" somewhat interchangeably, the terms signify key differences. Voters were also asked their opinion on whether the federal government should increase, decrease, or maintain funding levels for nine potential priorities for the federal government. 45% of the poll's respondents said the government should decrease federal funding for cryptocurrency and blockchain development, ranking it lowest, below funding for AI research and space exploration. Voters were also most likely to say they didn't know whether or not to increase or decrease funding for cryptocurrency development compared to the other policy priorities. Despite supporting the strategic crypto reserve by a slim majority, 36% of Republican respondents said the government should decrease federal funding for cryptocurrency and blockchain development, with only 12% supporting an increase. 31% of Republicans said funding should be kept at the same level, with 20% responding that they don't know. Respondents under the age of 45 were the most likely to say the government should increase federal funding for cryptocurrency development, with 18% expressing support, compared to just 6% support among respondents over the age of 45. The highest-ranking Democrat on the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Rep. Gerald Connolly, recently pressed the U.S. Treasury department to cease its plans for a strategic crypto reserve, The Block previously reported.
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Ethereum developers to launch new 'Hoodi' testnet ahead of much-anticipated Pectra upgrade Ethereum Foundation developers will launch a new testnet called Hoodi, according to an All Devs Call on Thursday. The new "long-lived" testnet is expected to launch next week, on March 17. The move came about a week after Ethereum researchers and developers convened to discuss the fallout from the problematic Holesky and Sepoli hard forks, which both encountered issues. Last week, the researchers discussed whether to "shadow fork" the Holesky testnet to continue probing the much-anticipated Pectra upgrade. Holesky, one of Ethereum's two main testnet networks, lost finality due to a configuration bug approximately two weeks ago during a Pectra upgrade activation. Although the network regained finality on Monday, it is not entirely usable for all research purposes. The Pectra upgrade aims to improve Ethereum's useability and scalability. It includes plans to drive down the cost of data availability by increasing the number of "blob" transactions for Layer 2s, vastly increasing staking limits and introducing account abstraction, which greatly expands the functionality of smart contracts and wallets. Pectra could be activated on the Ethereum mainnet as early as April 25, approximately 30 days after the upgrade is planned to be deployed on the new Hoodi testnet. The Ethereum Foundation plans to invest significant resources into this network and run a "similar validator count" as the Ethereum mainnet. According to the call on Thursday, the developers agreed to launch a new testnet rather than pursue other proposals. Hoodi is set to specifically give researchers a dedicated network to test validator exits, which would not be possible on Holesky due to a backed-up exit queue. Holesky and Sepolia will operate to test other research concerns. "This option was chosen to avoid client teams writing custom code to clear the Holesky exit queue, which could lead to further bugs and delay work on Pectra fixes and Fusaka implementations," according to the call meeting notes.
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Top Democrat pressures Treasury to halt Trump's plan for a strategic bitcoin reserve Top Democrat of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Rep. Gerald Connolly pressed the U.S. Treasury Department to cease its plans to create a strategic cryptocurrency reserve following President Donald Trump's pursuit of a national bitcoin reserve and personal crypto holdings. In a letter sent to Treasury on Thursday, the Virginia Democrat cited "glaring conflicts of interest" in Trump's push for a reserve. Connolly said Trump did not consult Congress and did not "seek congressional authorization" to create the reserve. “The creation of a strategic cryptocurrency reserve is poised to enrich the President and his closest allies at the expense of American taxpayers," Connolly said. "I urge you to cease all plans to create a strategic cryptocurrency reserve, and request that you provide a briefing to the staff of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.” The Treasury did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Last week, Trump signed an executive order to create a strategic bitcoin reserve and a digital asset stockpile. The words "reserve" and "stockpile" have been used interchangeably over the past few months, but sources have noted there are key differences between the two as to whether the U.S. government will proactively acquire cryptocurrencies. In Trump's executive order, the reserve would be capitalized by bitcoins held by the Department of the Treasury that were forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset seizures. The stockpile includes digital assets other than bitcoin forfeited in criminal or civil proceedings. The order stipulates that the government will not purchase additional assets for the stockpile and may convert stockpiled altcoins into long-term bitcoin holdings. The way Trump went about announcing his plans confused many. Ahead of issuing the executive order, Trump posted on Truth Social that he planned to create a crypto strategic reserve to include SOL, XRP and ADA. He later clarified that the reserve would also include bitcoin. Connolly also highlighted alleged conflicts of interest regarding Trump's dabbling in certain crypto projects. World Liberty Financial, a crypto project backed by Trump, was launched last year, and holds about $76 million worth of cryptocurrencies today down from a high near $380 million before a series of sales. It is also engaging in an ongoing sale of its WLFI tokens. Connolly also pointed to Trump's eponymous memecoin. The president and First Lady launched TRUMP and MELANIA memecoins days ahead of his Jan. 20 inauguration. Connolly asked the Treasury to send a list of steps the Trump administration has made to address conflicts of interest and any safeguards in place. The lawmaker asked for a response by March 27.
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Senate Banking Committee votes to advance stablecoin bill, collecting support from both Democrats and Republicans The Senate Banking Committee voted to advance a monumental stablecoin bill, advancing it to the full Senate and gaining support from Democrats along the way. Introduced in February by Sen. Bill Hagerty, R-Tenn., the "GENIUS Act" (Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins) aims to create a regulatory framework for stablecoins, defining when issuers fall under state or federal oversight. It has bipartisan support from Democratic Sens. Angela Alsobrooks of Maryland and Kirsten Gillibrand of New York. The Senate Banking Committee voted Thursday 18-6 to advance that bill. Democrats Sens. Mark Warner and Andy Kim were among others to support the bill "The GENIUS Act is a bipartisan step forward in ensuring stablecoins are safe and reliable tools in the financial system," said Senate Banking Committee Chair Tim Scott, R-S.C., at the beginning of Thursday's markup. A handful of lawmakers in Washington have worked on a bill to regulate stablecoins for years, but those efforts, like other crypto-related bills to regulate the industry, have not come to fruition. Now, almost two months into Donald Trump's presidency, Congress is seemingly prioritizing crypto, including investigating claims of industry-wide debanking and repealing the controversial "DeFi Broker rule." Work is also underway in the House to regulate stablecoins. Though the GENIUS Act is not a companion to the House's version, lawmakers say it shows an effort among Republicans to work on key issues. The GENIUS Act has garnered support from some in the crypto industry, including the Blockchain Association which called the bill "a thoughtful step forward for commonsense, response guardrails for stablecoin innovation," in a post on X on Wednesday. On the other side of the aisle, some Democrats have expressed unease toward the GENIUS Act. Sen. Elizabeth Warren's staff circulated a memo outlining their opposition to the bill, which they say "fails" to protect consumers, competition and national security, according to Politico. The memo also includes arguments that the bill would allow firms, such as big tech companies, to issue their own currencies, Fortune reported. Warren offered several amendments on Thursday, including one involving firms being able to issue their own stablecoins. Big tech billionaires like Elon Musk could use their own currencies to compete with the U.S. dollar, Warren said. "My most pressing concern is Elon Musk's attempt to build an empire that rivals the power of most nation states," Warren later added. In the past, some Democrats have been critical of companies' previous plans to launch a stablecoin. Meta Platforms, formerly Facebook, looked to launch stablecoin Libra, later renamed Diem, a few years ago, but quickly prompted concern among regulators and lawmakers who were hesitant about a stablecoin with ties to the social media company. The committee voted 13-11, therefore not agreeing to Warren's amendment. Tensions flare Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto raised concerns over Democrats showing up to the markup and holding a quorum for the committee but not Republicans. "We're taking the time to talk about our amendments, but there's no debate," the Nevada Democrat said. "And there's some very good amendments here by the way, and I'm hopeful that we have a good product coming out of here, but it is the Democrats now holding the quorum here instead of the Republicans." Cortez Masto called the bill a "great start" but said it was not ready for prime time. "There are many that want to provide a good product at the end of the day, but it looks like to me — the die is already cast, you get what you get," she said. Sen. Warren called the markup a "show trial" and criticized the lack of debate. However, Warren also showed willingness to work on the bill and said it had a "strong base." "This feels like show trial here that we get up and we read our little part about each of the amendments and the Republicans, clearly a majority of the Republicans have already decided their vote without even hearing anyone make an argument for why this might be an amendment that would be appropriate for this bill," Warren said. Sen. Bill Hagerty, one of the authors of the bill, countered and said the bill had gone through a "very robust bipartisan process." "We're going to continue to work to improve this," he said. "I've already acknowledged my willingness to do that here today to the extent that there are additional technical corrections, or in many cases, valid issues are being raised that I think are far more appropriate for a market structure piece of legislation." In the House, Rep. Stephen Lynch, D-Mass., criticized the GENIUS Act on Tuesday during a hearing focused on stablecoins and said it needed to be amended "vigorously." "I read the GENIUS Act over in the Senate — I'm a little weary about anything called genius coming out of the United States Senate — but there were so many problems with that and I'm hopeful, hopefully my colleagues, Mr. Hill, and others will amend that vigorously because it had huge, huge problems," Lynch said
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Trump's Strategic Bitcoin Reserve a 'watershed moment' despite recession fears, K33 analysts say The potential U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve is still a "big deal" and not a "nothing burger," despite the perception of President Trump's recent executive order being "ruined" by returning recession fears, according to K33. Relentless selling and de-risking in crypto and equity markets has continued to hit prices this week, with bitcoin reaching new yearly lows of around $76,555 and ether $1,775 on Tuesday — its lowest point since November 2023. ETH continues to outperform to the downside, with the ETHBTC ratio reaching its lowest level since December 2020, K33 Head of Research Vetle Lunde and Senior Analyst David Zimmerman noted in a Tuesday report. Meanwhile, the GMCI 30 index, representing a selection of the top 30 cryptocurrencies, is down 26% year-to-date at 134.92. The analysts noted that Trump seems indifferent about recession risk, determined to lower U.S. 10-year yields to help the government manage its refinancing needs. Combined with the uncertainty of the President's back-and-forth tariff announcements, both the S&P 500 and Nasdaq have hit lows not seen since mid-September. However, bitcoin has remained positive since the presidential election with around 13% gains, outperforming the negative Nasdaq and S&P returns in the same period. Lunde and Zimmerman said this is justified as Trump has delivered on his crypto promises by first establishing a crypto working group and then announcing a U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve last week. "We fundamentally disagree with pundits attributing the recent selloff to an underwhelming U.S. reserve," the analysts wrote. "This reserve is a watershed moment for Bitcoin. This is a huge leap forward in legitimizing BTC as a global store of value and is a massive disconnect from its recent performance driven by other market forces. While global market uncertainties may need time to be resolved, we perceive current price levels and the period ahead as a solid opportunity." Bitcoin acquisition strategy expected by May President Trump signed an executive order on March 6 to create a U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, established from the approximate 200,000 BTC ($17 billion) already owned by the federal government that was forfeited as part of criminal or civil proceedings, minus those that still need to be returned to victims of crime. Therefore, the bitcoin reserve is expected to hold approximately 103,500 BTC at its launch, with 94,636 BTC seized from the Bitfinex hackers likely to be returned to the crypto exchange shortly, the analysts said. Additionally, Trump directed Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick to develop budget-neutral strategies for acquiring additional bitcoin, provided they have no incremental costs to American taxpayers. The executive order also established a U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile consisting of cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin. However, the government will not acquire additional assets for the stockpile beyond those obtained through forfeiture proceedings. While information on budget-neutral acquisition measures for the bitcoin reserve has been vague, the K33 analysts expect some clarity by May 5, with Bessent set to deliver an evaluation of legal and investment considerations within 60 days of the executive order. Potential budget-neutral strategies include U.S. Treasury Exchange Stabilization Fund surpluses, selling special drawing rights issued by the IMF or a gold certificate revaluation, they noted. "The most influential global superpower has just flagged an end to seized bitcoin sales; neither current nor future seized assets will be sold," the analysts said. "Further, it’s exploring strategies to acquire more. This could set an example for other nations while marking a new era for bitcoin. Thus, we believe the current environment is favorable for accumulating long-term exposure as short-term uncertainties materialize and get fully digested in the market." Sen. Cynthia Lummis reintroduced a bill to create a bitcoin reserve on Tuesday
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Base activity declines from January peak but remains top Ethereum L2 Transaction activity on Coinbase's Base network has moderated from its January peak, with the 7-day moving average declining from nearly 12 million transactions on Jan. 6 to approximately 7.5 million at the time of writing. Despite this 38% reduction, Base continues to maintain a commanding lead over other Ethereum Layer 2 solutions, including established platforms like Arbitrum and Optimism. This performance is particularly noteworthy as most competing Layer 2 networks have experienced either stagnant growth or declining transaction volumes during the same period. Ethereum Layer 2 solutions remain crucial for addressing the blockchain trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization. These networks process transactions off the main Ethereum chain while inheriting its security, significantly reducing fees and increasing throughput for users. Base, launched by Coinbase in August 2023, leverages the OP Stack technology developed by Optimism and has quickly established itself as a leading scaling solution in the ecosystem. The network's continued dominance may be attributed to Coinbase's extensive user base of over 100 million verified users, providing a natural onramp for both retail and institutional participants. While transaction counts have moderated, Base continues to show signs of ecosystem growth, with nearly 3.5 million unique addresses now participating in the network. This metric potentially signals continued user onboarding, though it's important to recognize that address counts can be artificially inflated and should be viewed alongside other activity indicators. The decline in transactions, paired with growth in addresses, could suggest a shift from high-frequency trading activity to broader but less intensive application usage. The Base ecosystem is currently dominated by decentralized exchanges and lending protocols, with Aerodrome, Uniswap, Morpho Blue, Save and Pendle leading in total value locked (TVL). This concentration in DeFi applications mirrors the development patterns seen on other Layer 2 networks, with financial services typically driving early adoption. The presence of established protocols like Uniswap alongside newer platforms specifically built for Base demonstrates a maturing ecosystem that balances proven solutions with innovation. This is an excerpt from The Block's Data & Insights newsletter. Dig into the numbers making up the industry's most thought-provoking trends
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Acting SEC Chair Mark Uyeda says agency may abandon Regulation ATS proposed rule that loops in crypto exchanges Acting U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Mark Uyeda said he directed the agency's staff to review a proposed rule change that would expand the definition of an "exchange" in a way that could potentially loop in decentralized crypto projects, marking the latest change the SEC has made under the new Trump administration. The rule, called Regulation ATS, which has been worked on for years at the SEC and revisited in April 2024, was pulled in a different direction when former SEC Chair Gary Gensler took office, Uyeda said on Monday at the 2025 Annual Washington Conference of the Institute of International Bankers. Uyeda said "communication protocols" would have been included in the definition of an exchange and that the agency didn't clearly define it. "Effectively, the vastly expanded definition of an 'exchange' would have picked up various protocols used with respect to crypto assets," Uyeda said. "In my view, it was a mistake for the Commission to link together regulation of the Treasury markets with a heavy-handed attempt to tamp down the crypto market." "... in light of the significant negative public comment received on the definition of exchange with respect to crypto, I have asked SEC staff for options on abandoning that part of the proposal," he added. Under the proposed rule, DeFi projects would have to make regular filings with the SEC and be subject to mandatory disclosures. Some in the crypto industry had criticized the rule's expansion and said it could "destroy" decentralized exchanges. Uyeda's move on Monday marks the latest under the new administration. During the previous Biden administration, former Chair Gensler said most cryptocurrencies, aside from bitcoin, were securities. However, with Gensler's exit and the Trump administration's arrival, the SEC has rapidly reversed course on several key crypto policies. In a matter of just a few weeks, it has rescinded controversial crypto accounting guidance, dropped enforcement actions against major crypto industry players, created a crypto task force and issued a statement on memecoins
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Crypto exchange Kraken gears up for IPO as soon as the first quarter of 2026 The cryptocurrency exchange Kraken, legally known as Payward Inc, is considering an initial public offering (IPO) as soon as the first quarter of 2026, though the company could still change course. Bloomberg was first to report the news citing people familiar with the matter. "We recently disclosed 2024 financial highlights to be more transparent about our business, which is something we started by being first to publish proof of reserves and we're going to continue to prioritize going forward," a Kraken spokesperson told The Block. "We'll pursue public markets as it makes sense for our clients, our partners and shareholders." Kraken, which recorded over $1.5 billion in revenue in 2024, has mulled plans to go public as far back as 2021. It also explored raising over $100 million in a pre-IPO funding round in mid-2024. The exchange now joins Gemini, eToro and other crypto firms in considering a public listing under a more favorable Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which would have to approve any potential plans for going public. The agency's attitude toward and enforcement of crypto has shifted under the auspices of the pro-crypto Trump administration. Kraken's 2026 plans for an IPO comes after the SEC dropped its case against the firm for alleged securities law violations on Mar. 3.
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Analysts see boost in bitcoin with China's new fiscal and monetary stimulus China ramped up fiscal and monetary stimulus on Wednesday, pledging increased efforts to boost consumption and mitigate the effects of an escalating trade war with the United States. Such central bank stimulus measures often lead to increased global liquidity, which can spill over into various risk assets, including bitcoin. Historically, expansive stimulus policies in major economies have coincided with bullish trends in cryptocurrency markets. A study by S&P Global found that both bullish and bearish trends in the crypto market have occurred during periods of ultra-loose monetary policy and significant tightening. In September 2024, bitcoin surged 12.3%, marking one of its best September performances. This rally aligned with China’s previous stimulus efforts, which included cutting short-term interest rates and reducing banks' reserve requirements to support its housing and equity markets. Additionally, TradingView data indicates a positive correlation between bitcoin’s price and the People's Bank of China’s (PBOC) balance sheet over the past eight years. A Nexo spokesperson highlighted the potential implications of China's latest stimulus for alternative assets. "In previous instances when China has ramped up monetary stimulus and injected excess liquidity into the system, in 2015 and in 2020, excess liquidity found its way into alternative assets," the spokesperson told The Block. "Such stimulus could have broader implications for global markets, increasing appetite across equities and alternative assets." However, the Nexo spokesperson also cautioned that China’s strict regulatory controls limit direct participation in crypto markets. "State-backed alternatives may absorb some of the liquidity, or capital could flow into traditional safe-haven assets like gold," they added. On Wednesday, China’s annual government work report announced a 5% GDP growth target, a fiscal deficit target of 4% of GDP, and a focus on boosting private consumption through various measures. "China remains in a slow positive economic momentum, not a boom," Nansen Principal Research Analyst Aurelie Barthere told The Block. "So far, Chinese developments do not weigh as much as U.S. policy changes for crypto markets, despite positive signaling around AI investment by the central government." China braces for Trump tariff impact According to Reuters, Chinese Premier Li Qiang, speaking at the opening of the annual meeting of China's parliament, warned that "changes unseen in a century are unfolding across the world at a faster pace." The ongoing trade war initiated by U.S. President Donald Trump continues to threaten China’s industrial sector. This challenge is compounded by weak domestic consumption and a deteriorating, debt-laden property market, making China’s economy increasingly vulnerable. On the global growth front, analysts remain cautious in terms of risk asset appreciation. "From a pure macro perspective, bitcoin's performance appears to be most dominated by global growth expectations," Bitwise European Head of Research Europe André Dragosch noted. "And those expectations have recently been repriced to the downside because of rising tariff uncertainty." Cryptocurrency and financial markets analyst Richard Ptardio also warned of potential volatility ahead. "With U.S. inflation data and the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision looming, it is time to brace for further turbulence," he told The Block. "A prolonged consolidation for bitcoin might be the best we can hope for over the coming months."
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Metaplanet purchases $13.4 million worth of bitcoin, boosts holdings to 2,391 BTC Japanese investment firm Metaplanet has bought an additional $13.4 million worth of bitcoin as the company maintains a positive outlook for the world's largest cryptocurrency. The Tokyo-listed firm purchased an additional 156 BTC for 2 billion yen (or about $13.4 million) at an average price of about $85,890 per bitcoin, Metaplanet CEO Mark X wrote on X on Monday. In a statement on Monday, the company noted that the latest purchase of 156 BTC boosted its total holdings to 2,391 BTC, acquired for about $196.3 million at an average price of $82,100 per bitcoin. Metaplanet has been on a bitcoin buying spree since it announced its bitcoin acquisition strategy in April 2024. Last week, it disclosed that it bought 135 BTC. In December, the company officially designated its bitcoin treasury operations as a core business line. The company has repeatedly said that it aims to hold 10,000 BTC by the end of 2025 and 21,000 BTC by the end of 2026. Metaplanet’s stock closed up 21.15% at 4,010 yen on Monday in Japan amid a broader crypto market rally. The Nikkei 225 index was up 1.7% today. Bitcoin gained 6.5% in the past 24 hours to trade at $91,891 at the time of writing, after briefly surging beyond the $94,000 level earlier today,
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Ethereum Foundation appoints two co-Executive Directors, with former EF researcher Danny Ryan to lead 'Etherealize' marketing arm The Ethereum Foundation (EF), the non-profit that stewards development of the world's second-largest blockchain, announced on Saturday two new co-Executive Directors: longtime researcher Hsaio-Wei Wang and Nethermind founder Tomasz Stanczak. "Ethereum is evolving into a robust, permissionless, and censorship-resistant base layer for global finance and software," the EF said in its announcement. "The ecosystem will succeed together, and under the leadership of Hsiao-Wei and Tomasz, EF will advance the core values that motivated Ethereum’s existence in the first place." Wang, a researcher and community organizer based in Taiwan, indicated that the non-profit would maintain its core values. "Just as Ethereum continues to evolve, so does the EF—but the core values we have upheld for years remain unchanged," she said on X. Stanczak noted that he will start in the position on March 17th, pending paperwork. "My work continues uninterrupted but I will be stepping down from some of my official functions. I will follow up with more details soon," Stanczak wrote. Wang and Stanczak will replace former EF Executive Director Aya Miyaguchi, who recently "stepped up" to the role of president after serving as director for seven years. Stanczak responded to criticism of the co-leadership model in a post on X following the announcement. "You should be able to choose whichever Co-ED you want to communicate with based on your style and needs and any of us will have the mandate to execute on the top level," Stanczak said. "Treat it as 2 for 1 rather having to wait for both of us to communicate." Danny Ryan's return In addition to the new co-Executive Directors, former EF researcher Danny Ryan will return to the Ethereum ecosystem as co-founder of Etherealize, a new "institutional marketing and product arm" for the ecosystem. Ryan, who stepped away in September 2024 after seven years of contributions, including serving as lead coordinator for Ethereum's "merge" to proof-of-stake, was the favored choice of some Ethereum holders to lead the EF; recently, wallets holding over $120 million worth of ETH backed Ryan in an informal vote, calling for his appointment as the next sole director of the EF. Ryan will join Vivek Raman as co-founder of Etherealize. "Our work at Etherealize sits at the confluence of real adoption, commonsense regulation, ecosystem development, and critical R&D across L1, L2, and the application layer," Ryan said on X. "Where [Raman] serves as a bridge from the real world into Ethereum, I’ll serve as a bridge from Ethereum back into the real world." Buterin congratulated the three on their new positions in posts on X. Ethereum is currently down about 1.9% in price over the past 24-hours, according to The Block's ETH Price Page. Buterin and other high-level Ethereum researchers recently discussed Ethereum's "endgame" in a wide-ranging Ask-Me-Anything session on Reddit.
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MetaMask wallet to add support for Solana and Bitcoin MetaMask will add support for Bitcoin and Solana this year as part of its near-term product developments to improve its user experience. The addition will give wallet users access to the two highly popular crypto ecosystems without having to use other crypto wallets or wrapped tokens. The crypto wallet said it is expected to start full bitcoin support in the third quarter of this year. Support for Solana is aimed to launch in May, marking the first non-EVM chain to be integrated into MetaMask. "All MetaMask users will be able to buy, sell, swap, and interact with dapps across the entire Solana ecosystem," the platform said in its press release. "Existing Solana users will get access to the same security, reliability and rich features of MetaMask, along with access to all the chains you use with MetaMask today." Solana has seen massive growth in the past year, driven by the mainstream trend of Solana-based memecoins. In the month of January, Solana saw over 12 billion transactions, according to The Block's data dashboard. The addition of Bitcoin and Solana to MetaMask is accompanied by a planned "overhaul" of the wallet app's UI/UX. MetaMask revealed that it will "abstract away" gas fees by introducing new features, such as gas-included swaps that allow users to swap tokens without having to hold ETH in their accounts. MetaMask said this will be applied to all transactions in March. Other efforts to improve UI/UX include multiple Secret Recovery Phrases (SRPs) for users to manage multiple separate wallets in a single MetaMask app. This feature is set to go live next month. The crypto wallet provider also announced a physical MetaMask card for users to pay with crypto in real life, using Mastercard's payment network. A virtual MetaMask card is currently available in select regions, while physical cards will be offered in April. Meanwhile, Consensys founder Joseph Lubin announced Thursday that the company and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission have agreed in principle to end the agency's enforcement case against MetaMask. The SEC had alleged that Consensys, the developer behind the MetaMask software, violated securities laws through its MetaMask staking service. The resolution of Consensys' case with the SEC came after the agency agreed in principle to dismiss its years-long case against Coinbase. Earlier this month, Binance and the SEC filed a joint motion to halt their legal dispute for 60 days.
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SEC will drop case against MetaMask, says Consensys founder Lubin Consensys and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission have agreed 'in principle' to end the case against MetaMask, the company's founder Joseph Lubin said Thursday. "I'm pleased to announce that Consensys and the SEC have agreed in principle that the securities enforcement case concerning MetaMask should be dismissed. Subject to the approval of the Commission, the SEC will file a stipulation with the court that effectively closes the case," Lubin posted to X. "We were committed to fighting this suit until the bitter end but welcome this outcome." MetaMask is one of the most popular crypto wallets in the world. Last June, the SEC sued Consensys, alleging the blockchain company had violated the law through its MetaMask staking service. The SEC filed the complaint in the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of New York. Consensys and the SEC finding common ground echoes the wider sea change felt throughout the U.S. government since Donald Trump became president and promised to be more amenable to the digital assets industry. In April 2024, Consensys went on the offensive, suing the SEC for categorizing Ethereum as a security. At the time, Consensys said the SEC had "trained its sights" on the firm's Metamask software. In September, a judge dismissed Consensys' case.
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Delta Blockchain aims to simplify cross-chain Ethereum and Solana app development with new 'Inclusive Layer' Delta Blockchain Fund founder Kavita Gupta is launching a new consumer chain called the “Inclusive Layer” to bridge the fragmentation between Ethereum, its top Layer 2s and Solana, according to an announcement on Wednesday. The network and accompanying software development kit (SDK) promises a “purpose-built” solution for the liquidity fragmentation between the Ethereum and Solana base layers and scalability frameworks like Arbitrum and Optimism. In particular, it offers a “cross-chain unified liquidity aggregation layer between EVM and non-EVM chains” and SDK for “account management, chain abstraction and liquidity aggregation,” according to the press release. “These SDKs are powered by top-tier on-chain and off-chain liquidity providers, ensuring minimal latency and the best rates while enabling seamless wallet management across platforms like MetaMask and Phantom,” the project writes, referencing the two biggest Ethereum and Solana wallets, respectively. For example, one of the first apps live on the Inclusive mainnet, Caishen, offers a “one click” way for users to buy Solana-based tokens like Jito’s JTO using ETH. Co-founders Gupta and Blas Rodríguez Irizar, the ex-chief technological officer of Composable Foundation and former software engineer at ConsenSys, are targeting the chain and SDK at “college students” and “deep degens” who want an integrated platform to launch apps on the two major smart contracting blockchains quickly. Gupta, meanwhile, was an early investor in chains like Polygon and StarkWare and has had stints at the World Bank, IFC, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt’s family office and ConsenSys Ventures. The tech stack was incubated with support and backing from prominent global cryptocurrency trading firm GSR and leading investment management firm Borderless.
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Top EF researchers discuss Ethereum's 'endgame' in 'ask me anything' Top-level Ethereum Foundation researchers responded to questions about scaling, Layer 1 revenue and security, in their latest semi-annual Reddit “AMA” (Ask Me Anything) session. The session comes amid a shift for the organization as former EF Executive Director Aya Miyaguchi announced she is "stepping up" as the organization’s president, following months of community backlash. Perhaps most notably in the high-level discussion, the Ethereum researchers helped shed light on the upcoming Pectra upgrade, which will represent the largest technological advancement for the blockchain since the Dencun fork last year and shift to proof-of-stake before that. The first step of the two-phase Pectra update is expected to begin rolling out "in the coming months," top EF researcher Justin Drake said in a Reddit comment. Last week, the foundation’s security team opened up a $2 million bug bounty competition to stress test the hard fork that will run until March 24. It was also a moment for some of Ethereum’s most involved researchers to reclaim ground for the base layer network, which in recent years has seemingly lost mindshare to the Layer 2s meant to scale it. In particular, the EF researchers — including founder Vitalik Buterin — seem determined to improve the network’s economic position by reclaiming revenue from L2s and pushing for "native rollups." "The goal is neutrality of Ethereum, not neutrality of the Ethereum Foundation — often, the two align, but sometimes they misalign, and when that happens we should go for the former," Buterin said in response to a question about a potential "corporate takeover" of Ethereum. "Big risks that I see right now are at the L2 and wallet layer as well as staking and custody providers. The EF has recently started to step into the former two areas by pushing for adoption of interoperability standards." Blobs, data availability and revenue Notably, Pectra will double the number of "blob" transactions per block from three to six, which Drake said will "crush the blob fee market," currently one of the ways value accrues to the Ethereum network and ETH as a commodity. Blobs, introduced in the Dencun update, temporarily store transaction data to reduce costs for Layer 2s rolling down data to the mainchain. While there have been some calls among the Ethereum community to raise the blob "base fee," the Ethereum Foundation researchers generally seem to think this is shortsighted idea. (That said, there is a current Ethereum Improvement Proposal, EIP-7762, that is considering raising the fee.) "I find these arguments very short-sighted, first because they require the network to have an opinion regarding what is the right level of this tax (i.e., something like a fiscal policy), and second because I believe more value will accrue the more we grow the Ethereum economy," EF researcher Barnabé Monnot wrote. Drake, along with fellow researcher Dankrad Feist, argued that the Ethereum base layer should scale its native "data availability" though don’t see "altDA," in likes of restaking platform EigenLayer, as much of a threat. That’s in part because the as the whole pie grows, there will be opportunities for different forms for data availability from blobs to EigenDA. "We should maximize the opportunities where there is a chance evenutally charge some fees," Feist said. It’s a point echoed by Drake, who noted that in the long term, DA demand will likely outpace supply, if only because "humans always find creative ways to consume more bandwidth." "In ~10 years I expect Ethereum to settle 10M TPS (roughly 100 transactions per day per human) and even at little as $0.001/transaction is $1B/day of revenue :)," Drake said, somewhat optimistically. Additionally, future scaling initiatives like danksharding will balance DA supply and demand while ensuring sustained L1 revenue. Ethereum's 'endgame' Indeed, while the future of Ethereum scaling can still take multiple paths, the EF researchers are growing more comfortable with discussing the possible "endgame." "Ideally we can separate the parts that can ossify from the parts that need to keep evolving," Buterin said. "I think there is a 'light at the end of the tunnel' for many of these tech questions, because the pace of research really is slower than it was ~5 years ago, and the recent emphasis is much more on incremental improvement." One aspect relatively new to the "endgame" of Ethereum scaling is the idea of native rollups, which was the focus of the first question answered. While not yet formally defined, the general idea is that it would be a way to scale Ethereum’s core, rather than add-ons like contemporary L2s like Optimism or Arbitrum, which process transactions off the base layer and post summaries back to Ethereum for security. "The discussion around native rollups is quite nascent," Drake, who is a leading researcher in the field, said. "Having said that, from my experience it is remarkably easy to sell the concept of native rollups to EVM-equivalent rollups. If a rollup has the option to become native, then why not? It's a strict improvement that is provided essentially free by the L1." Drake noted that there has already been interest from "top rollups" including Arbitrum, Base, Optimism and Scroll in "becoming native." Nonetheless, the EF’s Ansgar Dietrichs noted that the rollup-centric roadmap Ethereum has been going down for years spawned a massive amount of technological innovation from competing teams researching areas like zero-knowledge proof and interoperability. "Looking back, I'm pretty certain that on our own, we would have never been able to make this much progress in such a timeframe," Dietrichs said. "The parallel exploration of the design space by multiple teams has been enormously beneficial. It is easy to forget about that when focusing on the (real!) challenges this approach created (e.g. around interoperability and fractured UX)."
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Polygon could lose over $300 million in TVL as Aave votes to halt lending on PoS chain
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Bitcoin drops to yearly low in crypto sell-off as Trump tariff uncertainty hits markets The world’s largest cryptocurrency fell 6% to $89,617 in the 24 hours leading up to 4:50 p.m. Tuesday in Hong Kong, according to The Block’s bitcoin price page. Earlier, bitcoin dropped to a low of $88,355, Yahoo Finance data shows. Steeper declines were seen in major altcoins, where Ether lost 10.45% to $2,410, XRP dipped 10.5% to $2.21 and Solana dropped 12.6% to $138.6. The entire crypto market is down 6.8% in the past day, while the GMCI 30 Index, measuring the performance of top 30 cryptocurrencies, fell 8.96%. Crypto pullback comes amid wider market uncertainty Equity markets have faced pressure since U.S. president Donald Trump announced on Monday his intention to impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico once the 30-day suspension expires next week. Standard Chartered Global Head of Digital Assets Research Geoffrey Kendrick noted that the resulting risk-off sentiment in traditional markets has impacted the digital asset sector. This growing bearishness is reflected in the Crypto Fear and Greed Index — a key market gauge that analyzes social media activity, volatility, trends, and prices — which recently fell to a five-month low of 25. “While Bitcoin trades relatively well within the digital asset complex, it is now caught up in the Solana meme coin-driven selloff and now the broader risk-off nature of markets,” Kendrick said in an emailed note. He also pointed out that the average spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) purchase price since the U.S. election has risen, to now stand at $96,500. “Those purchases are already well underwater,” he added. Signs of a recovery in the medium-term However, Kendrick anticipates a potential rebound in the medium term, noting that lower U.S. Treasury yields — driven by risk-off sentiment following Friday's PMI data — could ultimately benefit Bitcoin. “But do not buy the dip yet, a move to the low BTC $80,000s is on,” he said. HashKey Global Managing Director Ben El-Baz pointed out that the crypto market's strong correlation with U.S. equities has triggered a decline in digital asset prices as investors offload risk assets like Bitcoin.“Crypto prices are reaching past critical support levels that need to be regained if there are any hopes of avoiding a longer-term bear market,” he said. Amid crypto's recent struggles from macroeconomic pressures and new U.S. tariffs on Canada and Mexico, traders will be closely watching January's U.S. personal consumer expenditures price index. Set for release on Friday, this data is widely regarded as one of the Federal Reserve's preferred inflation indicators. "If inflation looks like it is dropping to near the Fed’s 2% target and rates soften, a mid-term bullish turn could emerge,” Kronos Research Analyst Dominick John told The Block.
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Kanye West claims he'll launch 'Swasticoin' token next week in erratic crypto posts Ye, the artist formerly known as Kanye West, seemingly teased the launch of a token called "Swasticoin" next week in a series of erratic posts about cryptocurrency on Saturday. Ye plans to launch a token "next week," according to one post, a reversal of the artist's recently-stated opinion that such projects "prey on the fans with hype." The token will apparently be called "Swasticoin," according to Ye's posts, furthering a series of offensive posts about the Jewish community Ye has published over recent weeks. "I’m going to open the CA [contract address] for my Swasticoin to Jewish people and my friends and family first," Ye said in one post. "Let’s see if stereotypes exist for a reason." Ye also asked his following about blockchain networks like Ethereum, "Solona," BNB Chain, Hyperliquid, and others, while apparently trying to get in touch with Binance co-founder Changpeng "CZ" Zhao, according to one post with several offensive slurs. Ye had reposted one of CZ's posts complaining that decentralized exchanges are harder to use than their centralized counterparts, and currently follows only CZ and memecoin trader Tall on X. In response to a screenshot showing his post at the top of Ye's X feed, CZ said, in apparent mock surprise, "That one retweet got him to 33.2m followers? wow," adding a thinking face emoji. Three sources close to Ye reportedly told crypto news outlet Coindesk that Ye plans to launch a token next week, reserving 70% of the supply for himself, and that the token will be used to get around Shopify's censorship of his Yeezy store. However, the report says the token will be called YZY, which could indicate it's a different project than the "Swasticoin" he discussed on Saturday. This is not Ye's first attempt to monetize the symbol of Nazi Germany's fascist government. Ye recently began selling shirts on his website titled HH-01, apparently short for "Heil Hitler," featuring a Swastika on a plain white tee. A commercial aired during the Super Bowl directed viewers to the website, but did not mention the shirts. The website was later taken down. Though Ye said he would launch the token "next week," it's possible the erratic artist can still change course — or abandon the project entirely. "Time to launch my own blockchain," he said in his most recent post at publication time.
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mETH Protocol announces $43 million recovery from Bybit hack, while Tether freezes $181,000 Mantle's liquid restaking protocol, mETH Protocol, announced on Saturday the recovery of 15,000 cmETH tokens, worth about $43 million at current prices, from the Lazarus Group attackers responsible for the $1.4 billion hack of centralized exchange Bybit on Friday. "The 8-hour withdrawal delay built into the protocol provided the team with critical response time to temporarily pause the contract, effectively stopping unauthorized withdrawals," the protocol said on X. "15,000 cmETH were recovered from the exploiter's address to a recovery address." Early reports mistakenly suggested that the 15,000 tokens were burned. The recovery was initiated by Mudit Gupta, chief information security officer at Polygon, and assisted by rapid-response security team SEAL, according to Gupta's post on X. "I saw the recovery possibility soon after the hack and SEAL connected me with Mantle/mETH team who made it happen," Gupta said. The recovery could be subject to a $4.3 million recovery bounty under the terms of Bybit's recently-announced program. Bybit was unable to be immediately reached for comment regarding the recovery. The $43 million recovery already surpasses the $30 million salvaged from the North Korean state-sponsored Lazarus Group's attack on the Ronin Bridge associated with crypto project Axie Infinity. That recovery, spearheaded by blockchain security firm Chainalysis and assisted by U.S. law enforcement, took nearly six months. Tether freezes $181,000 Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino likewise announced Saturday that 181,000 USDT tokens connected to the hack were frozen in another early recovery. "Might not be much but it's honest work," Ardoino said on X. "We keep monitoring." Tether was one of four stablecoin issuers to freeze $5 million worth of tokens in September 2024 from wallets linked to the Lazarus Group by pseudonymous security researcher ZachXBT, alongside Paxos, Techteryx, and Circle. The funds were stolen in 25 separate exploits on numerous different blockchains, and cashed out using peer-to-peer exchanges
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North Korea's Lazarus Group responsible for ByBit hack resulting in losses of over $1.5 billion: Arkham Arkham Intelligence said Lazarus Group hacked ByBit for over $1.5 billion on Friday, citing information provided by online sleuth ZachXBT. "At 19:09 UTC today, ZachXBT submitted definitive proof that this attack on ByBit was performed by the LAZARUS GROUP," Arkham said in a post to X. "His submission included a detailed analysis of test transactions and connected wallets used ahead of the exploit, as well as multiple forensics graphs and timing analyses. The submission has been shared with the ByBit team in support of their investigation." Earlier in the day ByBit confirmed it had suffered a massive security breach that led to the loss of over $1.5 billion in crypto assets. The company's co-founder and CEO Ben Zhao later said that all client withdrawals will be processed, even if they are under review." The hack is being considered the largest single theft in crypto's history.
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Bybit CEO says firm secured almost 80% of lost ETH as bridge loan from partners to ease liquidity crunch following $1.4 billion hack Bybit Co-Founder and CEO Ben Zhou responded to audience questions about how the firm will move forward with customer withdrawals following its $1.4 billion hack Friday morning. Zhao said in an X Space livestream that all client withdrawals will be processed, even if they are under review. The firm will not buy Ethereum but instead rely on a bridge loan, or a type of short-term loan to aid an entity's transition period, from its partners to facilitate the endeavor. "For immediate sake, we are currently reaching out to our partners to give us a bridge loan," Zhou said in a Friday livestream. "So, currently, we are not buying [Ethereum]. And even if we did want to buy, it is too big of amount to be moving around." "But we are getting help, support, from our partners," Zhou continued. "We actually already secured almost 80% of the Ethereum that's been stolen as a bridge loan to give us that liquidity, to help us with the liquidity crunch, so we can pass this crucial period." Bybit confirmed it lost $1.4 billion in funds after a hacker gained access to the firm's multisig cold wallet, which one expert called "the largest crypto theft of all time," The Block had previously reported. Bybit is a centralized exchange based in Singapore. The firm recorded $233.36 billion in spot market volume in January, The Block's Data Dashboard shows.
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WalletConnect Foundation secures $10 million in oversubscribed token sales, including 11-second sellout on Echo The WalletConnect Foundation, steward of the communications protocol WalletConnect, has raised a total of $10 million from four consecutive oversubscribed public and private token sales. The fundraising took place this month on Bitget's LaunchX platform, CoinList, Echo and a further private sale, attracting tens of thousands of participants and generating significantly more interest than the target amounts. "The strong demand for the WalletConnect Token (WCT) underscores the growing need for seamless onchain connectivity and proven product market fit centric token with real fundamentals," the foundation said in a statement shared with The Block. The Bitget LaunchX community round reached its $4 million target within two hours. Some 40,000 investors committed over $170 million, way beyond the allocation. Token distribution took place on Friday. A further community round on CoinList was oversubscribed fourfold, attracting 18,000 participants from more than 100 countries. Investors pre-funded the sale with $15.5 million, far exceeding its $4 million target. Meanwhile, a private sale hosted on Echo, a platform founded by crypto trader Jordan Fish (aka Cobie), saw its $500,000 target sell out in just 11 seconds. That sale was led by a group known as the Tea Club, WalletConnect Foundation founder and director Pedro Gomes told The Block. An additional private sale conducted directly between the foundation and long-term supporters and strategic partners of WalletConnect raised a further $1.5 million. "It was a busy month to say the least," Gomes said. Nearly 90,000 users registered across the sales collectively, expanding the WalletConnect ecosystem following Season 1 of its airdrop in November. The airdrop distributed 50 million of the total 1 billion WCT supply to 160,000 early adopters, including builders, contributors and users. All WCT tokens are currently non-transferable, though users can stake them for periods ranging from one week to two years. No plans for further token sales "The response from the WalletConnect and broader crypto community has been incredible. Every round was oversubscribed, reaching its target in hours, if not seconds," Gomes said. "As the Network scales towards full permissionlessness, our community is growing alongside it. In a space crowded with vaporware, people are rallying behind real projects with true utility. We’re excited for the next chapter in the WalletConnect journey." Despite the oversubscribed demand, the WallectConnect Foundation currently has no plans for further token sales, Gomes confirmed. "The oversubscribed demand is a clear signal that the crypto community wants projects who prove they can truly deliver on their product roadmap and bring real value to the ecosystem," he said. "They are growing tired of the memecoin casino and vapourware, people want to support projects that they can firstly, actually use and secondly, that they can trust." The funds will enable the WalletConnect Foundation to expand operations, grow its team and support ecosystem initiatives — benefiting developers, node operators and strategic partners, Gomes explained. "As the network advances toward full permissionlessness, these resources will play a vital role in facilitating adoption and engagement, particularly as more of tradfi and the broader internet comes onchain," he said. WCT token transferability anticipated 'soon' Participants in the CoinList and Bitget LaunchX rounds acquired 1 WCT for $0.20, with a minimum purchase of $100 and a maximum of $10,000. There are no vesting periods, and the tokens will become liquid after a community vote on their transferability, the foundation explained. The date for the community vote is dependent on reaching five specific milestones, four of which have already been completed, Gomes told The Block. "The last milestone, which is currently underway, is open sourcing WalletConnect Network’s Service Node source code," Gomes said. "Once this is complete the community vote for transferability will be submitted. We’re expecting this to happen soon." Once the vote concludes and the WCT token becomes transferable, it can also be listed on exchanges, Gomes added. While a true fully diluted valuation cannot be calculated until transferability is enabled and the token is trading on exchanges, the $0.20 CoinList price implies an FDV of $200 million. What is WalletConnect? WalletConnect is an open-source protocol that allows users to connect their crypto wallets to decentralized applications using a QR code or deep link. Once the connection is established, the dApp can request approval for transactions or other actions from the user’s wallet. The main advantage is that it allows mobile users to connect their wallets to dApps on their desktops or other devices, eliminating the need to switch between devices or copy and paste addresses. The protocol claims to have facilitated over 220 million connections from more than 35 million global users since 2018. Last month, WalletConnect builder Reown, formerly WalletConnect, Inc., announced it had secured $13 million in a Series B funding round led by Union Square Ventures and 1kx, with participation from Shopify Ventures and Kraken Ventures, among others — bringing its total fundraising to $38 million. Reown intends to use the fresh capital to further develop its onchain UX platform through its SDKs — Reown AppKit and Reown WalletKit — with a rise in traditional financial services offering crypto payments increasing the demand for a better onchain user experience, the company said. It aims to abstract away blockchain complexities, removing barriers such as gas fees and seed phrases for mainstream participants. The WalletConnect Foundation introduced the WCT token in September, based on Optimism’s OP Mainnet Ethereum Layer 2 network, to facilitate governance and incentivize participation.
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Ethereum transaction fees plummet 70%, hitting lowest levels since 2020 The 7-day moving average (7DMA) of transaction fees on the Ethereum network fell to $0.77 on Feb. 15. This figure stood at $2.57 just a week prior, marking a 70% week-over-week drop. This drop pushed transaction costs to their lowest levels in dollar terms in over four years, which means the last time it was this cheap to transact on Ethereum was July 2020. Meanwhile, Bitcoin network activity recently hit a 12-month low as transactions dropped 55% from their peak. The median gas price on Ethereum, measured in Gwei, further confirms this trend. Over the past week, the daily median gas price averaged 1.61 GWEI, with its lowest figure coming in at 1.19 GWEI on Saturday, Feb. 15, the lowest reading since The Block began tracking this metric in January 2020. Moreover, this is just one of two instances where this figure has stooped this low since January 2020, with the other occurring in September 2024. While falling fees typically encourage user activity, the extent of this drop, represented by a prolonged decline, suggests a broader lack of demand rather than improved network efficiency, as seen with a recent slowdown in Ethereum’s onchain activity. The 7DMA of Ethereum’s onchain volume fell to just $4.19 billion on Saturday, a 46% decline from the previous week. This represents Ethereum’s lowest daily volume since Nov. 7, right after the U.S. presidential election. We’ve talked about Ethereum’s woes extensively in recent weeks, and just when you thought things could not look any worse from the perspective of the blockchain’s activity, these unpleasant surprises continue to display themselves every week. This is an excerpt from The Block's Data & Insights newsletter. Dig into the numbers making up the industry's most thought-provoking trends.
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Fluent Labs raises $8 million in funding led by Polychain Capital to build blended execution network Blockchain developer Fluent Labs has raised $8 million in seed and seed extension rounds led by Polychain Capital to build out its Ethereum Layer 2 blended execution network. Primitive, dao5, Symbolic Capital, Builder Capital, Nomad Capital and Public Works also participated. The rounds included notable angel investors such as Balaji Srinivasan, Mustafa Al-Bassam, Jason Yanowitz, Santiago Santos, Dingaling, Cristian Manea and Will Price. The $8 million figure represents Fluent Labs' total fundraising to date, though it declined to disclose a valuation. The company intends to use the capital to grow its existing team of 17 core contributors — specifically on the engineering side — to support the Fluent ecosystem and deploy the necessary infrastructure for its testnet and beyond, Fluent's pseudonymous co-founder and CEO Dino told The Block. What is Fluent's blended execution network? Fluent Labs argues that current onchain execution environments are constrained by the virtual machines, programming languages and tooling they support — limiting what developers can build. Fluent's Ethereum Layer 2 aims to address this by "blending" WebAssembly (Wasm), Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and Solana Virtual Machine (SVM) applications into a unified execution environment — enabling developers to create applications leveraging multiple blockchain ecosystems without compatibility concerns. Wasm is used by several blockchains, including Polkadot, Near Protocol and Cosmos. While it hasn't decided which virtual machine to add next, as it depends on market demand and developer needs, Fluent's extensible design allows it to add any VM, according to Dino. "Fluent is creating an expressive playground for developers by blending the best features of EVM, SVM and Wasm into one chain," Dino said. "The best web2 apps use the different programming languages and programming tools for different tasks, and Fluent brings this paradigm to web3." "Today's blockchain execution environments are constrained by the VMs they support and their limited functionalities," Polychain Capital General Partner Luke Pearson said. "Designed from the ground up to be maximally expressive, Fluent lets devs use the best tools for each task when building applications without worrying about compatibility." What does it mean for end users? Developers are already building a range of applications on Fluent, with over 60 projects being developed in its ecosystem, the firm claimed. This includes onchain quant protocol Thales, web3 Product Hunt-style platform Floodlight and Solidity-based DeFi projects incorporating Rust components to improve performance and efficiency. For users, Fluent will allow access to applications from different virtual machine ecosystems in the same place without switching wallets. Fluent Labs also plans to parallelize the blended environment, enabling high-performance and low-cost app usage across all its supported VMs. "What fundamentally transforms user experience is the enablement of true cross-VM composability," Dino explained. "Imagine a decentralized exchange, written in Solidity like Uniswap, that can support Solana SPL tokens, allowing users to swap ERC-20 tokens for SPL tokens. Or a user being able to do a flash loan requiring atomic composability between ERC-20s and SPL tokens. These two use cases, along with many others, can exist with blended execution." Dino argued that when developers are provided with more expressive design space, they use it, and most often, the result is higher-quality apps and unique experiences that weren't previously possible. "So, how does this impact the end user? They simply get better, more innovative applications. Blended execution realizes the original web3 vision." An app-led abstracted future Asked about the prospect of a future where applications dominate the crypto landscape with the complexities of various blockchain protocols abstracted away from the user experience under the hood, the Fluent co-founder agreed. "Absolutely. We aim to create an environment where blockchain's technical complexity becomes invisible to end-users," Dino said. "The ideal end state is a user experience so seamless that users simply interact with applications without considering the underlying blockchain infrastructure." Today's internet users don't think about TCP/IP or HTTP when browsing websites. Similarly, blockchain users should not focus on what VM an application is built on and how it's technically implemented, Dino noted. "We're working to make onchain interactions as intuitive as using a smartphone app — where sophisticated technology allows users to enjoy the service," Dino added. "This means creating applications that feel familiar, responsive and frictionless, regardless of the complex cross-chain, cross-VM mechanics happening behind the scenes."
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Cardex exploit compromised $400,000 worth of ether across 9,000 wallets: Abstract Layer 2 chain Abstract released an initial post-mortem on a security incident affecting thousands of wallets that interacted with Cardex, a blockchain-based game operating on the network. The incident, which came to light on Tuesday, was described as a “session key hack,” in which a malicious actor gained access to wallets that had interacted with Cardex and drained funds. Abstract's pseudonymous contributor Cygaar noted in the report that the exploit involved a compromised session signer wallet shared by all Cardex users, facilitated by a leaked key in Cardex’s frontend code. The incident compromised $400,000 in users' funds, affecting 9,000 wallets, according to Abstract. This means the attacker could make transactions on behalf of the users — transferring and then selling shares to steal ETH. The exploit did not pose a risk to users’ ERC20s and NFTs. The post-mortem clarified that the issue was not a widespread problem with the Abstract Global Wallet (AGW) or the core network itself but rather an isolated incident caused by Cardex mishandling critical wallet credentials, such as session keys. AGW uses session keys to allow apps to create limited and scoped sessions for improved user experience. These keys delegate access to specific wallet functionalities to third parties. Session keys must be carefully managed to prevent permissions from being granted to malicious entities. The attack exploited vulnerabilities in Cardex's management of session keys, which are used to grant applications temporary access to wallet functions. The Abstract team had previously urged users to avoid interacting with Cardex and to revoke any active sessions with the app to mitigate further risk. All projects using session keys in the Abstract portal are expected to undergo auditing. Abstract is a consumer-focused Layer 2 blockchain developed by Igloo Inc., the parent company behind Pudgy Penguins.
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SEC seeks public feedback on approving options trading for Grayscale, Bitwise Ethereum ETFs The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is asking the public to weigh in on whether the agency should approve options trading on a trio of spot Ethereum exchange-traded funds. The SEC asked for those comments on whether to allow the Cboe Exchange, Inc. to list and trade options on the Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF, the Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF and the Bitwise Ethereum ETF, according to a regulatory filing posted on Tuesday. Comments are due in 21 days after being published in the Federal Register. Next, the SEC could decide to approve, disapprove or "institute proceedings." The agency has not yet approved options trading on spot Ethereum ETFs. Several spot Ethereum ETFs were approved in May 2024 by the SEC, and firms have since been vying for options trading to be allowed. The SEC also greenlit spot bitcoin ETFs over a year ago and later allowed options trading for those products later in 2024.
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Hyperliquid launches HyperEVM on mainnet to bring ‘general-purpose programmability’ The Hyperliquid EVM (or HyperEVM) has gone live, a move the Hyper Foundation describes as "bringing general-purpose programmability" to the network. HyperEVM is a component of the Hyperliquid ecosystem, specifically designed to integrate an Ethereum Virtual Machine into its Layer 1 blockchain. It enables developers to run Ethereum-compatible smart contracts with enhanced performance. The Hyper Foundation announced today that the initial mainnet release of HyperEVM, Hyperliquid’s execution environment, includes blocks built as part of Layer 1 execution that inherit “all security from HyperBFT consensus.” "This is a major step toward the vision of housing all finance by bringing general-purpose programmability to Hyperliquid’s performant financial system," the foundation said. With the launch, spot transfers are also available between native spot HYPE and HyperEVM HYPE. HYPE serves as a native gas token on HyperEVM. “Tooling and analytics around mainnet HyperEVM may not be polished on day one,” the Hyper Foundation added, adding that raw HyperEVM block data is “streamed real-time to S3 so that running a node is not required to index the HyperEVM.” The project also offered a bug bounty program that aims to pay mainnet bounty amounts for qualifying reports. Specifically, reports about bugs on the mainnet that would cause an outage or logical error on nodes or API servers would be eligible for the bounty program. The team said it is still collecting feedback on general ERC 20 native transfers and precompiles on testnet and will enable these features in a future network upgrade. Hyperliquid is a decentralized perpetual trading platform and Layer 1 chain. In January, its perpetual swap trading volume reached $197.88 billion, much larger than Jupiter’s $36.28 billion and Synfutures’ $16.21 billion. HYPE rose 0.8% in the past 24 hours to trade at $26.1, with a market capitalization of $8.8 billion
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Dave Portnoy reveals new details on $LIBRA launch, says he returned 6 million tokens to project's founder Bartool Sports founder Dave Portnoy revealed new details surrounding the launch of the $LIBRA token project that has ensnared Argentinian President Javier Milei, sparking calls for an impeachment trial from political rivals. Portnoy, who has recently embraced memcoin trading, addressed the launch in an X Space on Sunday. Portnoy said he was prepared to join the project as an advisor, and bought the token upon launch, but later returned a gift of around 6 million tokens after the project's advisor, Hayden Davis, told him not to disclose the gift. "I'm not going to tweet about this f---ing launch and act like I'm just, 'Oh, Milei's the f---ing best'...and not mention that they have given me coins," Portnoy said. "And by the way, I bought a shit-ton of it...they never gave me the coins before the launch." Portnoy said he had trusted Davis because of his past experience in crypto, and that he hoped his involvement in the project would help him gain access to Milei. Portnoy said Davis floated the idea of an interview between Portnoy and Milei to "introduce the world" to the Argentinian president. Portnoy said he was moments away from posting his endorsement of the project when Davis told him not to disclose the gift. "[Davis said] 'You can't say that we gave you the coins'...I can't accept coins if you don't f---ing let me say you gave me coins and I'm part of the project, so I literally sent the coins back." A wallet linked to Portnoy has no record of receiving the tokens, but Portnoy said on the space he has other wallets. "Yes, I have other wallets that I have created...I just like trading, seeing what's going up." According to Portnoy, Davis seemingly "changed his tune" once Milei pulled his endorsement. "I swear he thought it was the real deal...I've known him for two to three weeks, so what do I f---ing know," Portnoy said. Portnoy offered a noncommittal defense of Davis, saying that he trusted him, but also acknowledging that Davis may deserve blame. "I think Milei f---ed him...none of it makes any sense to me." Hayden Davis responds to launch controversy Davis had posted his own version of events Saturday night, before Portnoy's space. In a video and a statement posted to X, Davis defended his actions and announced he would use the funds collected from "fees, farming, everything" to buy back and burn the token. "I was responsible for ensuring liquidity for the project and still maintain control over all associated fees and treasury funds," Davis said. "I want to make it unequivocally clear that I have not, nor will I, take any of these funds for my personal benefit." Davis said Milei's statement distancing himself from the project sparked a wave of panic selling that caused a "catastrophic impact" on the token's price. "When Milei and his team deleted their posts, investors who had purchased the token based on their trust in his endorsement felt betrayed." Milei's post revoking his endorsement was published at 10:38 pm EST, at which time the token's market capitalization had fallen from its peak around $4.5 billion to around $500 million. The first wave of selling was seemingly sparked by reports that $LIBRA insiders were cashing out the token. "As the custodian—not the owner — of these funds, I do not feel comfortable transferring them to Milei's associates or the KIP team," Davis continued. "Instead, after consulting with experts, I am proposing to reinvest 100% of the funds under my control, as much as $100 million, back into the Libra Token and burn all bought supply." The token's market cap is currently around $350 million, according to Dexscreener. Milei faces political backlash Milei's involvement in the project has led to stern condemnation from his political rivals; one center-left opposition coalition called it an "unprecedented scandal." "Our bloc of National Deputies decided to move forward with filing a request for impeachment against the President of the Nation," a translation of its Spanish-language post states. Milei's government has announced an investigation into the token's launch. "Given the facts, President Javier Milei has decided to immediately involve the Anti-Corruption Office (OA) to determine whether there was improper conduct on the part of any member of the National Government, including the President himself," a translation of the announcement states.
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Bitcoin network activity hits 12-month lows as transactions drop 55% from peak The 7-day moving average of Bitcoin network transactions has declined to 330,000, hovering around 12-month lows, a significant drop from the peak of 730,000 transactions observed earlier in the network's history. This represents a roughly 55% decrease in network activity from peak levels, suggesting a notable shift in how the Bitcoin network is being utilized. Transaction fees have stabilized around $500,000 in the last month, down from higher levels seen during periods of increased network activity before the end of 2024. The decline appears particularly pronounced when examining the trajectory of Bitcoin-based protocols like Runes and Ordinals, which initially drove speculative attention and network activity. These protocols, which function somewhat similarly to ERC-20 tokens and NFTs on Ethereum, now account for approximately 1% of total transactions. Fee generation from Runes has dropped to less than $20,000 in the last 30 days compared to the $60 million it generated on its launch day. Market dynamics have shifted speculative trading activity toward other blockchain ecosystems. Trader mindshare has notably gravitated toward networks like Solana, particularly for memecoin trading. Similarly, Base has been the primary home for AI agent tokens over the past months. This migration of activity indicates that while Bitcoin remains the largest cryptocurrency by market cap, other networks are capturing specific onchain niches and trading volumes. The current transaction levels could begin to raise questions about Bitcoin network utilization and fee sustainability. With reduced protocol activity and stabilized transaction fees, the network appears to be returning to primarily monetary transfer use cases. The sustainability of this trend may depend on whether new Bitcoin-based protocols can attract sustained user engagement once more. It is key for building out a robust ecosystem over the long term as block rewards continue to diminish.
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Michigan joins wave of US states proposing investments in crypto Michigan's state representatives, Bryan Posthumus and Ron Robinson, proposed House Bill 4087, which, if approved, could allow Michigan to invest in cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin. “Michigan can and should join Texas in leading on crypto policy by signing into law my bill creating the Michigan Crypto Strategic Reserve,” Posthumus said on X. This comes amid a trend in which an increasing number of U.S. states are exploring how to incorporate crypto into their financial strategies. House Bill 4087 aims to diversify investment options for Michigan’s state funds, potentially increasing yields by including crypto in the state’s investment portfolio. The bill proposes that Michigan’s treasurer invest up to 10% of the state’s "general" and "economic stabilization" funds into crypto. It also includes a provision permitting the state treasurer to loan out cryptocurrencies without increasing financial risk, aiming to generate additional returns for the state. Michigan had previously shown interest in cryptocurrency by creating a "blockchain and crypto commission" in 2022 to support the sector's growth in the state. The latest development makes Michigan the latest US state to propose legislation involving state investments in crypto. So far, around 20 states have proposed or are actively considering crypto reserve-related legislation, including North Carolina, Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Oklahoma. The interest in bitcoin as an investment project among state lawmakers grew especially after pro-crypto Donald Trump took office in January.
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Plume Network and Brazil's Mercado Bitcoin to tokenize $40 million worth of RWAs Real world asset startup Plume Network has partnered with Latin American trading platform Mercado Bitcoin as part of a plan to tokenize $40 million worth of Brazilian "asset-backed securities, consumer credit, corporate debt, and accounts receivable," according to a statement released Wednesday. "The initiative creates a direct bridge between global capital and emerging market investments, providing users direct access to yield opportunities in Brazil, Latin America's largest economy," the two companies said in their statement. Mercado Bitcoin plans to leverage Plume Network's infrastructure and Layer 1 blockchain, allowing the crypto exchange to offer customers worldwide the opportunity to invest in tokenized Brazilian assets. Led by the asset classes of government securities and commodities, the overall tokenized RWA market has been steadily growing, nearly doubling over the past 12 months, according to The Block Data Dashboard. This week, the DeFi platform supported by U.S. President Donald Trump, World Liberty Financial, partnered with real-world asset tokenization firm Ondo Finance in hopes of advancing the adoption of RWAs. According to the statement, Mercado Bitcoin has 4 million users. Brazil, thanks to its large population, economy and widespread adoption of digital payments, is considered a strong growth market for digital assets. "On one hand, we’re providing small and medium-sized businesses ... with a direct path to funding through tokenization," Mercado Bitcoin's New Business Development SVP Fabrico Tota said in a statement. "On the other hand, we’re empowering local and global investors with access to innovative financial instruments that were once out of reach." Plume Network has been actively adding to its portfolio of real-world assets since raising $10 million last year in a seed funding round led by Haun Ventures. The startup then closed a $20 million Series A funding round, which included the participation of Brevan Howard Digital, Galaxy Ventures and Haun Ventures. Plume Network was originally meant to be a Layer 2 on Arbitrum Orbit, according to a spokesperson.
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The Daily: Fed Chair Powell 'struck' by crypto debanking prevalence, Unichain goes live on mainnet and more The following article is adapted from The Block’s newsletter, The Daily, which comes out on weekday afternoons. Happy Tuesday! It's eerily quiet in the crypto market as participants await a fresh catalyst, giving you the perfect opportunity to catch up on the industry's latest. In today's newsletter, Unichain goes live on mainnet, Fed Chair Jerome Powell calls for a 'fresh look' at crypto debanking, Binance and the SEC file a joint motion to halt their legal dispute and more. Meanwhile, the Trump-supported DeFi project World Liberty Financial partners with Ondo Finance to expand tokenized RWA adoption. Let's get started. Uniswap Labs releases Unichain on mainnet Uniswap Labs, the development team behind the largest Ethereum-based decentralized exchange, Uniswap, has launched its Layer 2 Unichain on mainnet, marking its second major product release in two weeks following Uniswap V4. Unichain aims to improve network security, minimize maximal extractable value (MEV) and accelerate Ethereum's rollup-centric roadmap. "For us, just having the most used onchain protocol and one of the most popular front-end interfaces, I think that over the years we've learned a lot," Uniswap founder Hayden Adams told The Block. Innovations include a new block-building system developed together with Flashbots called Rollup-Boost for faster block times and a fair priority gas auction system to reduce MEV activity like the frontrunning of transactions. Unichain also allows users to stake UNI tokens and run nodes to verify network transactions for enhanced security. Adams said 65% of Unichain's net chain revenue will go to validators and stakers, with ongoing UX improvements set for release throughout the year. Fed Chair Powell 'struck' by crypto debanking Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said he and his colleagues are "struck" by the increasing prevalence of debanking in the crypto industry, sometimes referred to as "Operation Chokepoint 2.0," and a "fresh look" at the issue was required. "We don't intentionally do these things, but sometimes regulation leads things to happen and we need to be working on that," Powell said. During a press conference last month, Powell said banks can serve crypto customers as long as they can manage the risk. Debanking concerns have been brought back into the spotlight in Washington recently, with hearings and investigations examining the issue in more detail. Binance and SEC halt legal dispute for 60 days Binance and the SEC have filed a joint motion to pause their legal case for 60 days in consideration of the agency's new crypto task force and its impact on the regulatory landscape. "The work of this task force may impact and facilitate the potential resolution of this case," the filing stated. The SEC originally filed a complaint in June 2023 against Binance, alleging it operated as an unregistered exchange, broker-dealer and clearing agency for financial securities. However, under the new temporary leadership of Mark Uyeda, the SEC plans to scale back enforcement and clarify which crypto assets are securities, shifting from a "regulation by enforcement" approach. President Trump's nominee for permanent SEC Chair, crypto-friendly former regulator Paul Atkins, is still awaiting confirmation by the Senate. OpenSea refutes 'false' KYC rumors for token airdrop NFT marketplace OpenSea denied rumors that it would require a KYC identification process for users to participate in a potential token airdrop following outrage from some community members. The social media frenzy was sparked by terms of service stated on a test website apparently linked to the OpenSea Foundation, hinting at an airdrop. However, OpenSea CEO Devin Finzer responded that none of the rumors were true and the information was merely "boilerplate language," not reflective of the actual rules or policies that would govern any potential airdrop. OpenSea has not confirmed any plans for a token airdrop despite growing speculation over its new points system and platform updates. CAR memecoin collapses 97% from peak The Central African Republic's official memecoin, CAR, has collapsed around 97% from its peak less than two days after its launch, dropping from a market cap of $894 million to around $29 million on Tuesday. CAR's launch on Sunday was met with severe skepticism, though the country's President Faustin-Archange Touadéra has continued to post about the token. The memecoin sector has been particularly affected by recent market volatility following U.S. President Trump's tariff announcements, including his own token. In the next 24 hours The latest U.S. CPI inflation data is released at 8:30 a.m. ET on Wednesday. Est. MoM 0.3%; Core 0.3%. Est. YoY 2.9%; Core 3.1%. U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell testifies on the economic outlook and recent monetary policy actions before the Joint Economic Committee again at 10 a.m. U.S. FOMC member Raphael Bostic will speak at 12 p.m. Ethena is set to unlock 7.93 million ENA tokens worth $3.6 million, representing 0.25% of the circulating supply. Aethir will release 630 million ATH tokens worth $24.4 million, 10.21% of its circulating supply. World Web3 Expo kicks off in Dubai.
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Kanye West, after disclosing he was offered $2 million to launch a token, asks to speak with Coinbase CEO 'concerning crypto' Rapper Kanye West is seemingly looking to get in touch with Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong for something “concerning crypto,” according to a cryptic post he made on social media Friday. The move follows a day of erratic posts by West, including some suggesting that he has taken a recent interest in crypto. “WHEN PEOPLE MAKE ALL THAT MONEY WITH A COIN IS THAT CASH OR CONCEPT,” Kanye wrote Friday. The post was sandwiched between a series of posts where West praised Adolf Hitler amid other anti-semitic and sexist remarks. Despite the obscenity of Kanye’s recent tweet-storm, many cryptocurrency advocates and companies pleaded for the rapper to “launch a coin.” This included a long post from streamer Faze Banks, who said West was “one of maybe 5 humans on earth” that could “successfully launch a coin.” Notably, Pump.fun’s official X account responded to West goading him to launch a token. “I was proposed 2 million dollars to scam my community,” Kanye posted, including a screenshot of a direct message from an unnamed contact and undocumented time. “Those left of it. I said no and stopped working with their person who proposed it.” Prediction market Polymarket noted that West’s “odds” of launching a token “just shot up to 46%.” The odds on the market tracking the likelihood of West’s memecoin have been erratic all day, though have largely stayed under 30%, with about $52,000 worth of bets placed. West would hardly be the first celebrity to enter crypto. Just today, David Portnoy promoted what he called a “sh*tcoin” to his sizable social media audience in his first serious return to crypto since promoting the SafeMoon project in 2021. During the Biden administration, the Securities and Exchange Commission Enforcement Division went after a number of celebrities for unpaid endorsements of crypto, including Kanye West’s ex-wife Kim Kardashian for advertising “Ethereum MAX.”
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Florida senator files bill to allow state to invest in bitcoin Florida Republican Senator Joe Gruters filed a bill on Friday proposing that the be allowed to state invest in bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. In the bill, the senator suggests Florida's chief financial officer be allowed to use public funds to "make investments in bitcoin and other digital assets for a certain purpose," according to the filing. Last October, Florida’s Chief Financial Officer Jimmy Patronis said the state held about $800 million in “crypto-related” investments. He also said the amount of state funds invested in crypto could grow if Donald Trump became president. Trump took office last month after winning the election in November. The U.S. government investing in bitcoin, specifically a strategic reserve, has been a hot topic of conversation since Trump mentioned the possibility when on the campaign trail last year. Gruters's bill outlines that Florida's CFO's investments "in Bitcoin may not exceed 10% of the total funds in any account." Some of the sources of public funds referenced in the bill, from which capital can be allocated into bitcoin, include the General Revenue Fund, the Budget Stabilization Fund, trust funds "and all agency funds of each state agency and of the judicial branch." The bill also proposes "authorizing the Trustees of the State Board of Administration to invest and reinvest available funds of the System Trust Fund in Bitcoin ... providing that investments of public funds in Bitcoin are exempt from certain security requirements."
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SEC weighs proposal to change BlackRock's spot Bitcoin ETF to allow in-kind redemptions The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is weighing a proposal to change BlackRock's spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund to allow in-kind redemptions. In a filing posted on Thursday acknowledging the proposal, the SEC asked for comments to be sent in 21 days after its filing is published in the Federal Register. The agency could then decide to approve, disapprove or "institute proceedings," according to the filing. Nasdaq, on behalf of BlackRock, posted an amended rule filing last month that would allow for redemptions and creations in kind for the iShares Bitcoin Trust, according to the Form 19b-4 filing. Over a year ago when the SEC was considering whether to approve spot Bitcoin ETFs, firms were hashing out technical details over how the redemption process would work for such a product. The SEC favored a cash model that required BlackRock to move bitcoin out of storage, sell it right away, and then give the cash back to the investor. The agency later approved BlackRock's spot ETF proposal, alongside others in January 2024. Changing the redemption and creation process won't mean that individual investors will be able to do in-kind transactions, just the authorized participants involved, said James Seyffart, Bloomberg Intelligence ETF analyst, in a post on X.
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MicroStrategy ends weekly bitcoin buying streak, keeps total holdings at 471,107 BTC Business intelligence firm and corporate bitcoin holder MicroStrategy has ended its latest bitcoin buying streak after twelve consecutive weeks of acquisitions. The firm did not sell any shares of class A common stock under its at-the-market equity offering program, and did not purchase any bitcoin between Jan. 27 and Feb. 2, according to an 8-K filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Monday. The company's total bitcoin holdings stand at 471,107 BTC, worth over $44 billion. MicroStrategy’s total holdings were bought at an average price of $64,511 per bitcoin, a total cost of around $30.4 billion, including fees and expenses, according to the company's co-founder and executive chairman, Michael Saylor. To put that in perspective, MicroStrategy holds more than 2.2% of bitcoin’s total 21 million supply. As of Jan. 26, the company said it had approximately $4.35 billion billion worth of shares that remained available for sale as part of its “21/21 plan” targeting a total capital raise of $42 billion in equity offerings and fixed-income securities for bitcoin acquisitions. On Friday, MicroStrategy also saw strong demand for its additional preferred stock plan, raising $563.4 million to fuel more bitcoin purchases. Despite the recent Trump tariff-fueled sell off, Mizuho Securities believes the price of bitcoin has room to run another 30% in the next three years, rating MicroStrategy as outperform with a price target of $511 as it is on an “accelerated track” to exceed its capital raise targets. $20 billion acquisition streak MicroStrategy's latest announcement ends a 12-week streak of acquisitions following news last Monday that it had purchased another 10,107 BTC for roughly $1.1 billion in cash at an average estimated price of $105,596 per coin and $1.1 billion worth of bitcoin the week before. MicroStrategy has acquired around $20 billion worth of bitcoin over the past few months alone, and its $84.1 billion market cap trades at a significant premium to its bitcoin net asset value, with some investors airing reservations about the firm's premium to NAV valuation and its equity and debt-funded bitcoin acquisition program in general. MicroStrategy shares closed down 1.6% at $334.79 on Friday, having gained more than 567% over the past year, according to TradingView. MSTR is currently trading down 7.3% in pre-market trading on Monday.
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Elon Musk's father hopes to raise up to $200 million from memecoin he now endorses: Fortune In the wake of President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump’s recent official token launches, Elon Musk’s father, Errol Musk, is the latest to jump on the memecoin bandwagon. In an interview with Fortune, Errol Musk and his business partner, tech consultant Nathan Browne, said they hoped to raise between $150 million and $200 million from a memecoin project called “Musk It.” Errol Musk, who reportedly has a strained relationship with his billionaire son and other family members, is the son of a military cryptographer who studied electromechanics before working as an engineer and property developer, building office spaces and retail centers. He also pursued a career in politics, serving on Pretoria’s city council, and acquired rights to emerald mines in Zambia. “I’m the head of the family,” Errol Musk told Fortune. “It really started with me in our family—I’ve been ‘Musking It’ for years,” he said, adding that he intends to use the proceeds to fund the Musk Institute, a new for-profit think tank he is establishing to pursue his own scientific interests, including flying vehicles. However, Errol Musk and Browne did not create the Musk It coin, which was quietly launched by a Middle Eastern-based crypto company in December, the outlet reported. Instead, Errol Musk explained that they approved the name and chose to collaborate on the token after conceiving the idea for the Musk Institute late last year. Errol Musk told Fortune he is now prepared to publicly endorse the Solana-based, Pump.fun launched MUSKIT token. However, there remains very little public information about the project’s tokenomics, aside from its 1 billion total and circulating supply, and he seemed somewhat in the dark on the details too. Meanwhile, Browne reportedly said that a condition for joining the project was that “this cannot be a pump and dump.” The MUSKIT token had persistently fallen in value since its launch on Dec. 9 but skyrocketed from $0.01 to $0.07 following Errol Musk’s endorsement on Thursday before retracing. The memecoin is currently trading for $0.035, according to CoinGecko, with a market cap of $35 million. While Errol Musk claimed he had recently spoken to his famous son about the project earlier this month, he emphasized Elon Musk had nothing to do with it. However, the project’s website heavily draws on Elon Musk’s endeavors, depicting a Mars base scene with a SpaceX rocket and Tesla Cybertruck, simply adding that the “Mars Musk It base” is “opening soon.” Elon Musk and President Trump’s memecoin advocacy As for Elon Musk, while he has been a long-time advocate for the largest memecoin, Doge, and many third parties have created tokens using his name, he has not launched an official token of his own. “I make Dogecoin jokes and stuff because I just kind of like Dogecoin,” Musk said last year. “Because it’s got the best sense of humor, and it has dogs and memes, and I love all those things.” DOGE is currently trading for $0.33 at a market cap of $48.4 billion, according to The Block’s Dogecoin Price Page. Elon Musk, who already runs Tesla, SpaceX and X, recently took charge of President Trump’s new Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), designed to streamline federal operations and slash spending costs. The high-profile and controversial launch of Trump’s official Solana-based memecoin came during the premiere Crypto Ball in Washington on the Friday night before his inauguration as President. A frenzy of trading activity subsequently lifted the TRUMP token to a fully diluted valuation of more than $75 billion at one point, briefly surpassing DOGE. That was until the launch of returning First Lady Melania Trump's own memecoin, MELANIA, saw a 50% correction for the TRUMP token. Melania's memecoin hit a peak fully diluted valuation of around $13 billion before it also swiftly collapsed in price. TRUMP is currently trading for $25.77 at a market cap of $5.1 billion, and MELANIA is changing hands for $2.06 at a $308 million market cap, per The Block’s Prices Page.
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El Salvador passes bill to revise bitcoin adoption strategy per IMF deal: Reuters El Salvador’s Legislative Assembly approved a bill to revise and potentially scale back the country’s bitcoin adoption strategy — to comply with the requirements of the $1.4 billion deal with the International Monetary Fund. According to Reuters, the bill was approved by Congress with 55 votes in favor and two votes against, only minutes after President Nayib Bukele sent it to the assembly. The bill changes the regulations on the private sector’s acceptance of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin from mandatory to voluntary Last month, El Salvador reached a deal with the IMF that included a $1.4 billion loan to support the country’s reform agenda and address its balance of payments. The IMF’s fund facility, which will last 40 months, is expected to support El Salvador with an estimated $3.5 billion. In exchange for the fund facility, the IMF deal required El Salvador to limit various bitcoin-related activities. This includes making bitcoin acceptance voluntary for the country’s private sector, which is stipulated in the recently approved bill, according to Reuters. “Transparency, regulation, and supervision of digital assets will be enhanced to safeguard financial stability, consumer and investor protection, and financial integrity,” the IMF said in a previous statement regarding the deal with El Salvador. El Salvador became the first country to formally adopt bitcoin as a legal tender in 2021 to promote financial inclusion, following Bukele’s proposal. The government led by Bukele has also embraced bitcoin as a reserve asset, currently holding 6,049 BTC, valued at around $636 million, according to Arkham Intelligence data. Last August, however, President Bukele acknowledged mixed results from the country's bitcoin experiment, citing slower-than-expected adoption of bitcoin.
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Czech National Bank Governor Aleš Michl is set to submit a plan to allocate as much as 5% of its €140 billion ($146 billion) of reserves to bitcoin, according to The Financial Times. Michl told the FT he will present the bitcoin investment plan to the central bank’s board on Thursday to diversify its reserves. If approved, the CNB would become the first central bank known to hold the foremost cryptocurrency. The governor acknowledged bitcoin’s volatility and limited record but highlighted increased investor interest since BlackRock and other asset managers launched U.S. spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds and President Trump’s campaign pledges on crypto deregulation and the creation of a bitcoin strategic stockpile. “For the diversification of our assets, bitcoin seems good,” Michl told the FT in an interview. “Those [Trump] guys can now kind of create some bubble for bitcoin, but I think the trend would be an increase without those guys as well, because it’s an alternative [investment] for more people.” Michl noted he had a “totally different philosophy” on bitcoin compared to most of his counterparts. “Of course, if you compare my position with other bankers, then I’m the one entering the jungle, or the pioneer,” Michl told the outlet. “I used to run an investment fund, so I’m a typical investment banker I would say, I like profitability.” More central banks could follow The CNB chief added that more central banks could follow his lead over the next five years, but also warned that the investment could end up proving worthless. “It’s possible to have a big range of outcomes, that bitcoin will have a value of zero or an absolutely fantastic value . . . but in our history we have also had some stocks like Enron or the payment company Wirecard, so we have some experience with bad investments, so, yes, I’m ready [for a possible bitcoin collapse],” he said. The CNB estimated that holding 5% of its foreign reserves in bitcoin over the past decade would have boosted annual returns by 3.5% but also doubled their volatility. Escalating plans The news follows reports earlier this month that Michl was considering bitcoin for potential reserve asset allocation. However, speaking with local media company CNN Prime News on Jan. 6, the central bank chief said there were no concrete plans to acquire cryptocurrency. "Sure, I consider bitcoin, but there are seven of us on the board," Michl said at the time, adding that discussions would continue. "Bitcoin is an interesting option for diversification against other assets." "I was thinking of acquiring just a few bitcoin, but I never intended to make a significant investment," Michl added. However, if his plan is approved, the potential 5% allocation could see as much as $7.3 billion worth of the digital asset acquired. The bank also plans to increase its gold reserves to approximately 5% of total assets by 2028. The CNB’s potential bitcoin allocation marks the latest step in the country’s increasingly crypto-friendly stance, following the passage of a law on Dec. 6 exempting bitcoin holdings of over three years from capital gains tax. This legislation, which was unanimously approved by the Czech parliament, took effect on Jan. 1. In 2021, El Salvador became the first country to roll out an official bitcoin treasury program, though the funds are held by the government, managed by a state development bank rather than its central bank. President Trump also recently issued an executive order establishing a task force to explore a strategic digital asset reserve in the U.S.
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